Platinum black electrodeposited thread based electrodes for dielectrophoretic assembly of microparticles

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Abstract

We report dielectrophoretic (DEP) assembly of biological cells and microparticles using platinum-black electrodeposited conductive textile fiber. The three-dimensional conductive structures with high aspect ratios were found to facilitate high electric field regions, as revealed by scanning electron microscope characterization. The effective conducting area (A eff) and its stability of thread electrodes were estimated using electrochemical methods. Potential of platinum black electrodeposited thread as 3-D electrodes for creating high gradient electrical field for dielectrophoretic assembly of microspheres and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast cells) into 1D and two-dimensional structures over long ranges under the application of low voltages (4–10 V pp) has been demonstrated. The formation of highly ordered pearl chains of microparticles using thread electrodes when subjected to dielectrophoresis (DEP) has been discussed in detail.

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Thread as a versatile material for low-cost microfluidic diagnostics.

Xu Li, Wei Shen, J Tian (2009)

This paper describes a new and simple concept for fabricating low-cost, low-volume, easy-to-use microfluidic devices using threads. A thread can transport liquid via capillary wicking without the need of a barrier; as it is stainable, it is also a desirable material for displaying colorimetric results. When used in sewing, threads have 3D passageways in sewed materials. The wicking property and flexibility of thread make it particularly suitable to fabricate 3D microfluidic devices. Threads can also be used with other materials (e.g., paper) to make microfluidic devices for rapid qualitative or semiquantitative analysis. These thread-based and thread-paper-based devices have potential applications in human health diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety analysis, and are particularly appropriate for the developing world or remote areas, because of their relatively low fabrication costs.

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Liver-cell patterning lab chip: mimicking the morphology of liver lobule tissue.

Chen-Lung Ho, Long Hsu, Jian-Feng Chang … (2013)

A lobule-mimetic cell-patterning technique for on-chip reconstruction of centimetre-scale liver tissue of heterogeneous hepatic and endothelial cells via an enhanced field-induced dielectrophoresis (DEP) trap is demonstrated and reported. By mimicking the basic morphology of liver tissue, the classic hepatic lobule, the lobule-mimetic-stellate-electrodes array was designed for cell patterning. Through DEP manipulation, well-defined and enhanced spatial electric field gradients were created for in-parallel manipulation of massive individual cells. With this liver-cell patterning labchip design, the original randomly distributed hepatic and endothelial cells inside the microfluidic chamber can be manipulated separately and aligned into the desired pattern that mimicks the morphology of liver lobule tissue. Experimental results showed that both hepatic and endothelial cells were orderly guided, snared, and aligned along the field-induced orientation to form the lobule-mimetic pattern. About 95% cell viability of hepatic and endothelial cells was also observed after cell-patterning demonstration via a fluorescent assay technique. The liver function of CYP450-1A1 enzyme activity showed an 80% enhancement for our engineered liver tissue (HepG2+HUVECs) compared to the non-patterned pure HepG2 for two-day culturing.

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Assessment of biocompatibility of chronically implanted polyimide and platinum intrafascicular electrodes.

Natalia Lago, Ken Yoshida, Klaus P. Koch … (2007)

Longitudinal intrafascicular electrodes (LIFEs) are electrodes designed to be placed inside the peripheral nerve to improve stimulation selectivity and to increase the recording signal-to-noise ratio. We evaluated the functional and morphological effects of either Pt wire LIFEs or polyimide-based thin-film LIFEs implanted in the rat sciatic nerve for 3 mo. The newly designed thin-film LIFEs are more flexible, can be micromachined and allow placement of more active electrode sites than conventional Pt LIFEs. Functional results at 1 mo indicated an initial decline in the nerve conduction velocity and in the amplitude of muscle responses, which recovered during the following 2 mo towards normal values. Morphological results showed that both types of LIFEs induced a mild scar response and a focal but chronic inflammatory reaction, which were limited to a small area around the electrode placed in the nerve. Both types of LIFEs can be considered biocompatible and cause reversible, minimal nerve damage.