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      Bolivar's Total War. War, Politics, and Revolution in the Age of Independence Translated title: La guerra total de Bolivar. Guerra, política y revolución en la era de la independencia

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT. This article proposes introducing the concept of total war into the study of Latin American Independence in the 1810s and 1820s. We argue that total war was not an exclusively North Atlantic phenomenon, but an experience that also manifested itself at the beginning of the nineteenth century in the Spanish Viceroyalty of New Granada. To prove it, we analyze the social militarization caused by the enlightened reforms of the eighteenth century, the impact of political revolution in the Atlantic world and the decisive role of religion in creating an enemy that should be exterminated. The article concludes by pointing out two topics that underline the uniqueness of total war in a region of Latin America: the spatial and temporal unity of different forms of regular and irregular warfare, and the fact that total war was not the consequence of state action, but the starting point for State-building.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN. Este artículo propone introducir el concepto de guerra total para estudiar la independencia de América Latina en las décadas de 1810 y 1820, pues se argumenta que la guerra total no fue un fenómeno exclusivamente noratlántico, sino una experiencia que también se manifestó a principios del siglo XIX en el Virreinato español de Nueva Granada. Para demostrarlo, se analiza la militarización social provocada por las reformas ilustradas del siglo XVIII, el impacto de la revolución política en el Atlántico y el papel de la religión en la creación de un enemigo que debía ser exterminado. Concluye señalando la coexistencia singular de diferentes formas de guerra regular e irregular en el periodo independentista, y subraya el hecho de que la guerra total no fue consecuencia de la acción estatal, sino el punto de partida para la construcción del Estado.

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          Most cited references83

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          Military Reform and Society in New Granada, 1773–1808

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            Las convenciones contra la cultura. Ensayos sobre la historiografía hispanoamericana del siglo XIX

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              Independencias iberoamericanas. Nuevos problemas y aproximaciones

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                recig
                Revista Científica General José María Córdova
                Rev. Cient. Gen. José María Córdova
                Escuela Militar de Cadetes "General José María Córdova" (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                1900-6586
                2500-7645
                September 2021
                : 19
                : 35
                : 643-676
                Affiliations
                [1] Rhone-Alpes orgnameUniversité Stendhal Grenoble III France daniel.rojas@ 123456univ-grenoble-alpes.fr
                Article
                S1900-65862021000300643 S1900-6586(21)01903500643
                10.21830/19006586.794
                3f31c6a0-23d8-4aac-b414-bcc92796aada

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 January 2021
                : 28 May 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 83, Pages: 34
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Armed Forces and Society

                siglo XIX,revolución,política,Nueva Granada,independencias,guerra,war,revolutions,politics,New Granada,independences

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