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      Les manifestation oculaires des troubles primitifs du metabolisme des lipides: Étude clinique, génétique et anatomo-pathologique

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      Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria
      Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO

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          Abstract

          Les lipidoses constituent un groupe d'affections systématisées, caractérisées par une surcharge lipidique des tissus (en premier lieu du système réticulo-endothélial, accessoirement aussi de divers parenchymes). Le processus qui est à la base de ces "thèsaurismoses" consiste en une perturbation primitive du métabolisme des graisses et des substances apparentées, aboutissant à une infiltration lipidique des organes et entraînant des troubles cliniques variés et souvent très graves. La participation prépondérante du système nerveux central et de l'oeil aux désordres cliniques represente un des aspects les plus importants de la pathologie des lipidoses. Toutes ces affections, excepté la maladie de Hand-Schüller-Christian, offrent en outre un intérêt considérable à cause du rôle primordial que joue l'hérédité comme facteur étiologique. On peut distinguer trois principaux types de lipidoses, groupés d'aprés les substances thésaurisées: les lipidoses à phosphatides, qui peuvent être subdivisées en A. les idioties amaurotiques (surcharge en gangliosides) et B. la maladie de Niemann-Pick (sphingomyélines); les lipidoses à cérébrosides (cérasine) représentées par la maladie de Gaucher; les lipidoses à cholestérol ou xanthomatoses.

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          Randomised comparisons of medical tests: sometimes invalid, not always efficient.

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            Eating disorders guidelines from NICE.

            January, 2004, marked the publication of NICE guidelines for the treatment of eating disorders, a series of recommendations from a multidisciplinary, comprehensive, and rigorous process. The recommendations are assigned a grade from A (strong empirical support from well-conducted randomised trials) to C (expert opinion without strong empirical data). Over 100 recommendations were made, most of which were given a C grade. No specific recommendations were made for anorexia nervosa. Cognitive behavioural therapy for bulimia nervosa was assigned grade A because of the evidence showing that it is superior to other psychological and drug treatments. Antidepressants for bulimia nervosa were given grade B. No specific recommendations were made for atypical eating disorders except for binge-eating disorder (cognitive behavioural therapy was recommended [A]). The methodological rigour of the NICE guidelines is in contrast with the current Practice Guideline for Eating Disorders (PGED) of the American Psychiatric Association. PGED does not detail criteria for evaluating supporting research. Instead of making clear recommendations, PGED is uncritically inclusive and emphasises subjective judgment of individual clinicians. The NICE guidelines balance recommending specific treatments against the importance of clinical judgment when guideline recommendations are not readily applicable. Evidence-based guidelines are limited by the quality of the available research and its clinical relevance. The NICE guidelines underscore the absence of sufficient evidence for guidance in several important areas, such as atypical eating disorders (eating disorders not otherwise specified) which are the most common. Research on the treatment of these atypical eating disorders is needed. Evidence-based psychological treatments are not routinely implemented in general practice. Dissemination of these demonstrably effective treatments poses a challenge, and learning how to implement evidence-based psychological treatments and monitor their use is a research priority.
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              Management of an acute outbreak of diarrhoea-associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome with early plasma exchange in adults from southern Denmark: an observational study.

              Diarrhoea-associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome in adults is a life-threatening, but rare multisystem disorder that is characterised by acute haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal insufficiency. We aimed to assess the success of management of this disorder with plasma exchange therapy. Patients diagnosed with diarrhoea-associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome in southern Denmark were treated with daily plasma exchange by centrifugation and substitution with fresh frozen plasma. Stool culture and serological testing was done to identify the cause of disease, and the success of management with plasma exchange therapy was assessed from change in platelet count, glomerular filtration rate, and lactate dehydrogenase. During May 25-28, 2011, five patients with a median age of 62 years (range 44-70) presented with diarrhoea-associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome, which was caused by an unusual Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli serotype O104:H4. Strains of E coli showed a high resistance to third-generation cephalosporins because the strains had extended-spectrum β lactamases. After plasma exchange, median platelet count and glomerular filtration rate increased, median lactate dehydrogenase concentration decreased, and neurological status improved. The time interval from onset of bloody diarrhoea to start of plasma exchange had an inverse correlation with reduction of lactate dehydrogenase concentrations by plasma exchange (p=0.02). All patients were discharged with normal neurological status at 7 days (range 5-8) after starting plasma exchange. Early plasma exchange might ameliorate the course of diarrhoea-associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome in adults. However, this finding should be verified in randomised controlled trials None. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                anp
                Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria
                Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.
                Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0004-282X
                1678-4227
                1955
                : 13
                : 2
                : 69-160
                Article
                S0004-282X1955000200001 S0004-282X(55)01300200001
                10.1590/S0004-282X1955000200001
                3e243189-3a9b-4861-92fb-0a7b696d9ae1

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 749, Pages: 92
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                SciELO Brazil


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