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      Association of maternal psychological distress with children with overweight/obesity in Ethiopia

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          Abstract

          Background

          Poor maternal mental health is a major risk factor for adverse offspring health outcomes, including overweight/obesity status. Maternal mental distress is highly prevalent and associated with parenting practices influencing child weight. To date, there is little information documented in Ethiopia on maternal mental distress and children with overweight/obesity status. This study examined the association between maternal mental distress and children with overweight/obesity among mother–child dyads in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

          Methods

          An observational population‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted among mother–child dyads in representative samples in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Maternal mental distress was measured using the Self‐Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ)‐20. Child/adolescent overweight/obesity was defined as more than 1 SD above the median World Health Organization (WHO) growth reference. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

          Results

          The prevalence of maternal mental distress and children with overweight/obesity was estimated to be 10.1% and 28.8%, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, including maternal education, maternal occupation, average monthly household income, maternal body mass index (BMI) and the number of household members/family size, maternal psychological distress was not associated with offspring overweight/obesity status (adjusted OR [aOR] = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.25, 1.14).

          Conclusions

          There is no evidence of an association between maternal psychological distress and children with overweight/obesity. This lack of association might be attributable to our cross‐sectional study design. Future epidemiologic studies, particularly those using prospectively collected data, are warranted to examine better the effects of maternal psychological distress on offspring body weight.

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          The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies.

          Erik von Elm, Douglas G. Altman, Matthias Egger … (2008)
          Much biomedical research is observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study's generalizability. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Initiative developed recommendations on what should be included in an accurate and complete report of an observational study. We defined the scope of the recommendations to cover 3 main study designs: cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies. We convened a 2-day workshop in September 2004, with methodologists, researchers, and journal editors, to draft a checklist of items. This list was subsequently revised during several meetings of the coordinating group and in e-mail discussions with the larger group of STROBE contributors, taking into account empirical evidence and methodological considerations. The workshop and the subsequent iterative process of consultation and revision resulted in a checklist of 22 items (the STROBE Statement) that relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections of articles. Eighteen items are common to all 3 study designs and 4 are specific for cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional studies. A detailed Explanation and Elaboration document is published separately and is freely available at http://www.annals.org and on the Web sites of PLoS Medicine and Epidemiology. We hope that the STROBE Statement will contribute to improving the quality of reporting of observational studies.
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            Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults

            Leandra Abarca-Gómez, Ziad A Abdeen, Zargar Abdul Hamid … (2019)
            Summary Background Underweight, overweight, and obesity in childhood and adolescence are associated with adverse health consequences throughout the life-course. Our aim was to estimate worldwide trends in mean body-mass index (BMI) and a comprehensive set of BMI categories that cover underweight to obesity in children and adolescents, and to compare trends with those of adults. Methods We pooled 2416 population-based studies with measurements of height and weight on 128·9 million participants aged 5 years and older, including 31·5 million aged 5–19 years. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2016 in 200 countries for mean BMI and for prevalence of BMI in the following categories for children and adolescents aged 5–19 years: more than 2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference for children and adolescents (referred to as moderate and severe underweight hereafter), 2 SD to more than 1 SD below the median (mild underweight), 1 SD below the median to 1 SD above the median (healthy weight), more than 1 SD to 2 SD above the median (overweight but not obese), and more than 2 SD above the median (obesity). Findings Regional change in age-standardised mean BMI in girls from 1975 to 2016 ranged from virtually no change (−0·01 kg/m2 per decade; 95% credible interval −0·42 to 0·39, posterior probability [PP] of the observed decrease being a true decrease=0·5098) in eastern Europe to an increase of 1·00 kg/m2 per decade (0·69–1·35, PP>0·9999) in central Latin America and an increase of 0·95 kg/m2 per decade (0·64–1·25, PP>0·9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. The range for boys was from a non-significant increase of 0·09 kg/m2 per decade (−0·33 to 0·49, PP=0·6926) in eastern Europe to an increase of 0·77 kg/m2 per decade (0·50–1·06, PP>0·9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. Trends in mean BMI have recently flattened in northwestern Europe and the high-income English-speaking and Asia-Pacific regions for both sexes, southwestern Europe for boys, and central and Andean Latin America for girls. By contrast, the rise in BMI has accelerated in east and south Asia for both sexes, and southeast Asia for boys. Global age-standardised prevalence of obesity increased from 0·7% (0·4–1·2) in 1975 to 5·6% (4·8–6·5) in 2016 in girls, and from 0·9% (0·5–1·3) in 1975 to 7·8% (6·7–9·1) in 2016 in boys; the prevalence of moderate and severe underweight decreased from 9·2% (6·0–12·9) in 1975 to 8·4% (6·8–10·1) in 2016 in girls and from 14·8% (10·4–19·5) in 1975 to 12·4% (10·3–14·5) in 2016 in boys. Prevalence of moderate and severe underweight was highest in India, at 22·7% (16·7–29·6) among girls and 30·7% (23·5–38·0) among boys. Prevalence of obesity was more than 30% in girls in Nauru, the Cook Islands, and Palau; and boys in the Cook Islands, Nauru, Palau, Niue, and American Samoa in 2016. Prevalence of obesity was about 20% or more in several countries in Polynesia and Micronesia, the Middle East and north Africa, the Caribbean, and the USA. In 2016, 75 (44–117) million girls and 117 (70–178) million boys worldwide were moderately or severely underweight. In the same year, 50 (24–89) million girls and 74 (39–125) million boys worldwide were obese. Interpretation The rising trends in children's and adolescents' BMI have plateaued in many high-income countries, albeit at high levels, but have accelerated in parts of Asia, with trends no longer correlated with those of adults. Funding Wellcome Trust, AstraZeneca Young Health Programme.
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              The obesity epidemic in the United States--gender, age, socioeconomic, racial/ethnic, and geographic characteristics: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis.

              Youfa Wang, May Beydoun (2007)
              This review of the obesity epidemic provides a comprehensive description of the current situation, time trends, and disparities across gender, age, socioeconomic status, racial/ethnic groups, and geographic regions in the United States based on national data. The authors searched studies published between 1990 and 2006. Adult overweight and obesity were defined by using body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) cutpoints of 25 and 30, respectively; childhood "at risk for overweight" and overweight were defined as the 85th and 95th percentiles of body mass index. Average annual increase in and future projections for prevalence were estimated by using linear regression models. Among adults, obesity prevalence increased from 13% to 32% between the 1960s and 2004. Currently, 66% of adults are overweight or obese; 16% of children and adolescents are overweight and 34% are at risk of overweight. Minority and low-socioeconomic-status groups are disproportionately affected at all ages. Annual increases in prevalence ranged from 0.3 to 0.9 percentage points across groups. By 2015, 75% of adults will be overweight or obese, and 41% will be obese. In conclusion, obesity has increased at an alarming rate in the United States over the past three decades. The associations of obesity with gender, age, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status are complex and dynamic. Related population-based programs and policies are needed.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Sibhatu Biadgilign:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7582-5977
                sibhatu2010@gmail.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Child Care Health Dev
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Child Care Health Dev
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2214
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CCH
                Title: Child
                Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                ISSN (Print): 0305-1862
                ISSN (Electronic): 1365-2214
                Publication date (Electronic): 12 September 2022
                Publication date (Print): March 2023
                Volume: 49
                Issue: 2 ( doiID: 10.1111/cch.v49.2 )
                Pages: 392-399
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Health Studies College of Human Science, University of South Africa Pretoria South Africa
                [ 2 ] School of Public Health Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College Addis Ababa Ethiopia
                [ 3 ] Nutrition International Addis Ababa Ethiopia
                [ 4 ] Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA
                [ 5 ] The Chester M. Pierce, MD Division of Global Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA
                [ 6 ] Division of Epidemiology and Prevention: Institute of Human Virology University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Sibhatu Biadgilign, Department of Health Studies, College of Human Science, University of South Africa, PO Box 392, Preller Street, Pretoria 0003, South Africa.

                Email: sibhatu2010@ 123456gmail.com

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7582-5977
                Article
                Publisher ID: CCH13057
                DOI: 10.1111/cch.13057
                PMC ID: 10087200
                PubMed ID: 36073145
                SO-VID: 3dce5f28-dc43-4cfb-b43a-6183cbb0021d
                Copyright © © 2022 The Authors. Child: Care, Health and Development published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
                License:

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date revision received : 15 August 2022
                Date received : 28 August 2021
                Date accepted : 02 September 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 2, Pages: 8, Words: 6594
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Research Articles
                Custom metadata
                source-schema-version-number 2.0
                cover-date March 2023
                details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.2.7 mode:remove_FC converted:11.04.2023

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pediatrics
                Keywords: common mental disorders,ethiopia,obesity,overweight,psychological distress,srq‐20
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pediatrics
                Keywords: common mental disorders, ethiopia, obesity, overweight, psychological distress, srq‐20

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