Mazin Barry:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2274-007X
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole:
MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: SupervisionRole:
ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review
& editing
Mohamad-Hani Temsah:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4389-9322
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole:
Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole:
VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Abdullah Alhuzaimi:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9380-079X
Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: SoftwareRole: ValidationRole:
Visualization
Nurah Alamro: Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: ValidationRole: Visualization
Ayman Al-Eyadhy:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6051-9125
Role: Data curationRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: VisualizationRole: Writing
– review & editing
Fadi Aljamaan:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8404-6652
Role: ResourcesRole: Writing – review & editing
Basema Saddik:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4682-5927
Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review &
editing
Ali Alhaboob:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2126-7874
Role: SoftwareRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
Fahad Alsohime:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4979-3895
Role: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Resources
Khalid Alhasan:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4291-8536
Role: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Resources
Abdulkarim Alrabiaah: Role: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
Ali Alaraj:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7706-2328
Role: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: Visualization
Rabih Halwani:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-7771
Role: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: ValidationRole: Visualization
Amr Jamal:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4051-6592
Role: Data curationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
Sarah Alsubaie:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3128-5921
Role: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original
draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Fatimah S. Al-Shahrani: Role: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
Ziad A. Memish:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5099-0714
Role: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5752-2235
Role: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole:
VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Anete Trajman: Role: Editor
Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS One
Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
Title:
PLoS ONE
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
(San Francisco, CA USA
)
ISSN
(Electronic):
1932-6203
Publication date
(Electronic):
29
November
2021
Publication date Collection: 2021
Publication date PMC-release: 29
November
2021
Volume: 16
Issue: 11
Electronic Location Identifier: e0244415
Affiliations
[1
]
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine,
King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
[2
]
Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
[3
]
College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
[4
]
Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Cardiac Science Department, College of Medicine,
King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
[5
]
Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh,
Saudi Arabia
[6
]
Critical Care Dept, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
[7
]
Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
[8
]
College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
[9
]
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
[10
]
Director Research and Innovation Centre, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health
& College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
[11
]
Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University,
Atlanta, GA, United States of America
[12
]
Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Health Care,
Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
[13
]
Infectious disease division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of
Medicine, Indiana, United States of America
[14
]
Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School
of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL
Author notes
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author information
Article
Publisher ID:
PONE-D-20-39216
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244415
PMC ID: 8629228
PubMed ID: 34843462
SO-VID: 394eff7e-c0e4-45ee-84bd-a393ed866cc4
Copyright © © 2021 Barry et al
License:
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
the original author and source are credited.
The authors received no specific funding for this work.
Subject:
Research Article
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Medical Conditions
Subject:
Infectious Diseases
Subject:
Infectious Disease Control
Subject:
Vaccines
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Medical Conditions
Subject:
Infectious Diseases
Subject:
Viral Diseases
Subject:
Covid 19
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Vaccination and Immunization
Subject:
Vaccine Development
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Vaccination and Immunization
Subject:
Vaccine Development
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Public and Occupational Health
Subject:
Preventive Medicine
Subject:
Vaccination and Immunization
Subject:
Vaccine Development
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Epidemiology
Subject:
Pandemics
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Medical Conditions
Subject:
Infectious Diseases
Subject:
Infectious Disease Control
Subject:
Vaccines
Subject:
Viral Vaccines
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Virology
Subject:
Viral Vaccines
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Vaccination and Immunization
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Vaccination and Immunization
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Public and Occupational Health
Subject:
Preventive Medicine
Subject:
Vaccination and Immunization
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
RNA viruses
Subject:
Coronaviruses
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Medical Microbiology
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Coronaviruses
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Subject:
Pathogens
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Coronaviruses
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Coronaviruses
Subject:
People and Places
Subject:
Population Groupings
Subject:
Professions
Subject:
Medical Personnel
