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      Traumatismo dental en pacientes pediátricos que acuden a una clínica universitaria de odontopediatría: un análisis retrospectivo de historias clínicas Translated title: Dental trauma in pediatric patients consulting at a university pediatric dentistry clinic: a retrospective analysis of medical records

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de traumatismos dentales en los pacientes que acuden a una clínica de Especialidad en Odontopediatría. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal retrolectivo, se incluyeron 309 expedientes clínicos de pacientes de 2 a 12 años de edad que acudieron para su atención a la clínica de la Especialidad de Odontopediatría de una universidad pública en Toluca, México. La variable dependiente fue la prevalencia de traumatismo dental. Las variables independientes incluidas en el estudio fueron: edad del paciente y sexo. El análisis estadístico se realizó utilizando pruebas no paramétricas en Stata 11. Resultados: El promedio de edad fue de 5.71±2.43 años y el 50.8% fueron hombres. La prevalencia de traumatismo dental previo al estudio fue de 12.0% (IC 95% = 8.3 - 15.6). En el análisis bivariado, a pesar de que los varones presentaron una prevalencia de traumatismo dental de 14.0% y entre las mujeres fue de 9.9%, estas diferencias no fueron estadísticamente significativas (p=0.262). Se observó que los niños con traumatismo dental fueron más pequeños (promedio de edad = 4.74±1.86) que los que no presentaron traumatismo dental (promedio de edad = 5.84±2.47) (p=0.0166). Al realizar la prueba de tendencia no paramétrica se notó que la disminución de la prevalencia de traumatismo dental fue significativa (p=0.026). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de traumatismo dental en esta muestra de niños fue de 12%. No se observó diferencia por sexo. Los más pequeños presentaron más traumatismo dental que los más grandes.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of dental trauma in patients who consulted at a pediatric dentistry specialty clinic. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study in which we reviewed 309 clinical files of patients from 2 to 12 years of age who consulted at the Pediatric Specialty Dentistry at a public university in Toluca, Mexico. The dependent variable was the prevalence of dental trauma. The independent variables included in the study were: patient's age and sex. Statistical analysis was performed using nonparametric tests in Stata 11. Results: The average age was 5.71 ± 2.43 years and 50.8% were male. The prevalence of dental trauma was 12.0% (95% CI = 8.3 - 15.6). In the bivariate analysis, despite the fact that males had a prevalence of dental trauma of 14.0% and among women it was 9.9%, these differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.262). It was observed that children with dental trauma were younger (average age = 4.74 ± 1.86) than those who did not present dental trauma (average age = 5.84 ± 2.47) (p = 0.0166). When performing the non-parametric trend test, it was noted that the decrease in the prevalence of dental trauma was significant (p = 0.026). Conclusions: The prevalence of dental trauma in this sample of children was 12%. No difference was observed according to sex. Younger patients presented more dental trauma than older ones.

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          Epidemiology and outcomes of traumatic dental injuries: a review of the literature.

          R Lam (2016)
          Dental trauma is a significant public health problem because of its frequency, impact on economic productivity and quality of life. It is not a disease and no individual is ever at zero risk of sustaining these potentially life-changing injuries. The aim of this article was to review the literature on the prevalence, incidence, aetiology, prognosis and outcomes of dental trauma. The importance of standardized reporting, oral health policy, adjunctive research methods, prevention and education will also be discussed. A search for relevant articles appearing in databases such as Medline, Cochrane and SSCI formed the basis of this review. Epidemiological studies indicate the annual incidence of dental trauma globally is at about 4.5%. Approximately one-third of children and toddlers (primary teeth) and one-fifth of adolescents and adults (permanent teeth) sustained a traumatic dental injury. The majority involved the maxillary central incisors, mainly from falls in toddlers at home and contact sport in adolescents. Despite these trends, there is considerable variation between studies within and across jurisdictions. There is a need to standardize research with a consistent approach to reporting, classification and methodology. This will improve research and form a greater basis for predicting prognosis. This research basis will assist in consent and clinical management.
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            A systematic review of the diagnostic classifications of traumatic dental injuries.

            A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to evaluate the criteria used for the diagnostic classification of traumatic dental injuries from an epidemiological standpoint. The methodology used was that suggested by the Cochrane Collaboration and the National Health Service. A total of 12 electronic bibliographical databases (BBO, BioMed Central, Blackwell Synergy, Cochrane, DARE, EMBASE, HighWire, LILACS, MEDLINE, PubMed Central, SciELO, SciSearch) and the World Wide Web were searched. There was no attempt to specify the strategy in relation to date, study design, or language. The last search was performed in May 2003. Two reviewers screened each record independently for eligibility by examining titles, abstracts, keywords and using a standardized reference form. Disagreements were resolved through consensus. The final study collection consisted of 164 articles, from 1936 to 2003, and the population sample ranged from 38 to 210,500 patients. 54 distinct classification systems were identified. According to the literature, the most frequently used classification system was that of Andreasen (32%); as regards the type of injury, the uncomplicated crown fracture was the most mentioned lesion (88.5%). Evidence supports the fact that there is no suitable system for establishing the diagnosis of the studied injuries that could be applied to epidemiological surveys.
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              Epidemiology of traumatic dental injuries.

              The oral region comprises 1% of the total body area, yet it accounts for 5% of all bodily injuries. In preschool children, oral injuries make up as much as 17% of all bodily injuries. The incidence of traumatic dental injuries is 1%-3%, and the prevalence is steady at 20%-30%. The annual cost of treatment is US $2-$5 million per 1 million inhabitants. Etiologic factors vary between countries and with age groups. Important public health implications such as how to best organize emergency dental care and how to prevent dental injuries, decrease cost, and increase lay knowledge are important factors needed to change epidemiologic data toward more favorable figures in the future.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ped
                Pediatría (Asunción)
                Pediatr. (Asunción)
                Sociedad Paraguaya de Pediatría (Asunción, , Paraguay )
                1683-9803
                December 2018
                : 45
                : 3
                : 206-211
                Affiliations
                [1] Toluca orgnameUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de México orgdiv1Facultad de Odontología orgdiv2Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología "Dr. Keisaburo Miyata" Mexico
                [2] Pachuca orgnameUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo orgdiv1Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud orgdiv2Área Académica de Odontología Mexico
                Article
                S1683-98032018000300206
                10.31698/ped.45032018003
                386853ee-6196-4c40-9b6c-8c4b679d9d7d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 22 November 2018
                : 27 October 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Paraguay

                Categories
                Artículos Originales

                dental trauma,Salud bucal,traumatismo dental,niños,odontopediatría,Oral health,pediatric dentistry,children

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