EFFECTS OF SWIMMING ON CARDIOPULMONARY CAPACITY IN COLLEGE STUDENTS <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: EFEITOS DA NATAÇÃO SOBRE A CAPACIDADE CARDIOPULMONAR EM ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS </span> <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: EFECTOS DE LA NATACIÓN EN LA CAPACIDAD CARDIOPULMONAR DE ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS </span>

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction: It is believed that strengthening cardiopulmonary function can reduce health risks caused by the COVID-19 virus, and swimming is a practice that could benefit its practitioners during the epidemic context. Objective: Study the effect of swimming on the cardiopulmonary capacity of college students in the context of COVID-19. Methods: A total of 60 volunteers in three groups were trained twice a week for one hour each for 12 weeks. Among them, swimming group A performed freestyle exercises, swimming group B performed breaststroke exercises, and the control group performed reading activities or another study, mainly focusing on staying seated. Results: The cardiopulmonary capacity of groups A and B was improved, while the cardiopulmonary capacity of the control group experienced little change. This shows that swimming training can effectively improve cardiopulmonary capacity in college students. Conclusion: Appropriate swimming training can improve the cardiopulmonary capacity of college students, and optimize their physical fitness, in the context of COVID-19. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

Translated abstract

RESUMO Introdução: Acredita-se que o fortalecimento da função cardiopulmonar possa reduzir os riscos à saúde causados pelo vírus COVID-19, sendo a natação uma prática que poderia beneficiar seus praticantes durante o contexto epidêmico. Objetivo: Estudar o efeito da natação sobre a capacidade cardiopulmonar dos estudantes universitários sob o contexto da COVID-19. Métodos: Um total de 60 voluntários em três grupos foram treinados duas vezes por semana durante uma hora cada, durante 12 semanas. Entre eles, o grupo de natação A realizou exercícios de estilo livre, o grupo de natação B realizou exercícios de bruços, e o grupo de controle realizou atividades de leitura ou outro estudo, focando principalmente em manterem-se sentados. Resultados: A capacidade cardiopulmonar do grupo A e B foi melhorada, enquanto que a capacidade cardiopulmonar do grupo de controle sofreu poucas alterações. Isto mostra que o treinamento de natação pode efetivamente melhorar a capacidade cardiopulmonar dos estudantes universitários. Conclusão: O treinamento adequado de natação pode melhorar a capacidade cardiopulmonar dos estudantes universitários, otimizar sua aptidão física, no contexto da COVID-19. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

Translated abstract

RESUMEN Introducción: Se cree que el fortalecimiento de la función cardiopulmonar puede reducir los riesgos para la salud causados por el virus COVID-19, y la natación es una práctica que podría beneficiar a sus practicantes durante el contexto epidémico. Objetivo: Estudiar el efecto de la natación sobre la capacidad cardiopulmonar de los estudiantes universitarios en el contexto del COVID-19. Métodos: Se entrenó a un total de 60 voluntarios en tres grupos dos veces por semana durante una hora cada uno durante 12 semanas. Entre ellos, el grupo de natación A realizaba ejercicios de estilo libre, el grupo de natación B realizaba ejercicios de braza, y el grupo de control realizaba actividades de lectura u otro tipo de estudio, centrándose principalmente en permanecer sentado. Resultados: La capacidad cardiopulmonar de los grupos A y B mejoró, mientras que la capacidad cardiopulmonar del grupo de control experimentó pocos cambios. Esto demuestra que el entrenamiento de natación puede mejorar eficazmente la capacidad cardiopulmonar de los estudiantes universitarios. Conclusión: Un entrenamiento de natación adecuado puede mejorar la capacidad cardiopulmonar de los estudiantes universitarios y optimizar su aptitud física, en el contexto del COVID-19. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

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Recovery of cardiac function following COVID‐19 – ECHOVID‐19: a prospective longitudinal cohort study

Mats Lassen, Kristoffer Grundtvig Skaarup, Jannie N. Lind … (2021)

Aims The degree of cardiovascular sequelae following COVID‐19 remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether cardiac function recovers following COVID‐19. Methods and results A consecutive sample of patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 was prospectively included in this longitudinal study. All patients underwent an echocardiographic examination during hospitalization and 2 months later. All participants were successfully matched 1:1 with COVID‐19‐free controls by age and sex. A total of 91 patients were included (mean age 63 ± 12 years, 59% male). A median of 77 days (interquartile range: 72–92) passed between the two examinations. Right ventricular (RV) function improved following resolution of COVID‐19: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) (2.28 ± 0.40 cm vs. 2.11 ± 0.38 cm, P < 0.001) and RV longitudinal strain (RVLS) (25.3 ± 5.5% vs. 19.9 ± 5.8%, P < 0.001). In contrast, left ventricular (LV) systolic function assessed by global longitudinal strain (GLS) did not significantly improve (17.4 ± 2.9% vs. 17.6 ± 3.3%, P = 0.6). N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide decreased between the two examinations [177.6 (80.3–408.0) ng/L vs. 11.7 (5.7–24.0) ng/L, P < 0.001]. None of the participants had elevated troponins at follow‐up compared to 18 (27.7%) during hospitalization. Recovered COVID‐19 patients had significantly lower GLS (17.4 ± 2.9% vs. 18.8 ± 2.9%, P < 0.001 and adjusted P = 0.004), TAPSE (2.28 ± 0.40 cm vs. 2.67 ± 0.44 cm, P < 0.001 and adjusted P < 0.001), and RVLS (25.3 ± 5.5% vs. 26.6 ± 5.8%, P = 0.50 and adjusted P < 0.001) compared to matched controls. Conclusion Acute COVID‐19 affected negatively RV function and cardiac biomarkers but recovered following resolution of COVID‐19. In contrast, the observed reduced LV function during acute COVID‐19 did not improve post‐COVID‐19. Compared to the matched controls, both LV and RV function remained impaired. Recovered COVID‐19 cases who participated in both rounds of the study. ( Left ) Diagram displaying mean N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) and prevalence of elevated troponins during hospitalization and 2–3 months after. ( Right ) Diagram displaying mean values of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), right ventricular longitudinal strain (RVLS), global longitudinal strain (GLS), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) assessed during hospitalization and median 77 days (interquartile range: 72–92) after. Additionally, reference values based on matched controls are illustrated as well. Dotted lines indicate 95% confidence intervals.