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      Mediating role of post-traumatic growth in the relationship between inadequate disaster recovery and mental health outcomes: long-term evidence from the Wenchuan earthquake Translated title: Papel Mediador del Crecimiento Postraumático en la Relación entre la Recuperación Inadecuada después de un Desastre y los Resultados en Salud Mental: Evidencia a Largo Plazo del Terremoto de Wenchuan Translated title: 创伤后成长在灾后恢复与精神健康之间的中介作用:基于汶川地震的长期研究

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          ABSTRACT

          Background: The mental health outcomes from disasters have aroused great concern worldwide, yet few studies incorporate a long-term disaster recovery perspective. Evidence has also emerged about the importance of the social determinants of mental health, but aspects of recovery including disruptions to livelihoods and social networks remain relatively understudied.

          Objective: This study utilizes cognitive adaptation theory to examine the long-term relationship between inadequate disaster recovery and mental health outcomes while considering domains of post-traumatic growth (PTG) as mediators.

          Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1369 adult survivors of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Correlation analyses and multivariable regression analyses examined the association between inadequate disaster recovery and mental health outcomes, while parallel multiple mediator models and structural equation model explored the mediating role of PTG among these relationships.

          Results: 52.2% and 8.1% of the respondents reported inadequate recovery on livelihood and social ties, respectively. Inadequate disaster recovery was associated with higher levels of PTSD and depressive symptoms, and this association was partially mediated by PTG. Lower reported PTG on the interpersonal relationship and new possibilities domains mediated the association between inadequate livelihood recovery on PTSD and depressive symptom severity, and enhanced personal strength mediated the association between inadequate social ties recovery on these symptoms.

          Conclusion: Enhancing disaster recovery is essential for mental health protection, and PTG may be a valuable starting point in cognitive therapy to protect against stress responses after trauma.

          HIGHLIGHTS

          • Disaster recovery is a long-term issue, which should be enhanced in further disaster reconstruction programmes.

          • Poor disaster recovery associates with higher levels of mental health symptoms.

          • PTG mediates the relationship between disaster recovery and mental health symptoms.

          Antecedentes: Los resultados de salud mental de los desastres han despertado una gran preocupación en todo el mundo, sin embargo, pocos estudios incorporan una perspectiva de recuperación de desastres a largo plazo. También ha surgido evidencia sobre la importancia de los determinantes sociales de la salud mental, pero los aspectos de la recuperación, incluidas las alteraciones de los medios de subsistencia y las redes sociales, siguen siendo relativamente poco estudiados.

          Objetivo: Este estudio utiliza la teoría de la adaptación cognitiva para examinar la relación a largo plazo entre la recuperación inadecuada ante desastres y los resultados de salud mental, al tiempo que considera los dominios del crecimiento postraumático (DCP) como mediadores.

          Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal entre 1369 adultos sobrevivientes del terremoto de Wenchuan del 2008. Los análisis de correlación y los análisis de regresión multivariado examinaron la asociación entre la recuperación inadecuada a desastres y los resultados en salud mental, mientras que los modelos paralelos de múltiples mediadores y los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales exploraron el papel mediador de la DCP entre estas relaciones.

          Resultados: El 52,2% y el 8,1% de los encuestados informaron una recuperación inadecuada de los medios de subsistencia y los lazos sociales, respectivamente. La recuperación de desastres inadecuada se asoció con niveles más altos de TEPT y síntomas depresivos, y esta asociación fue parcialmente mediada por DCP. Un menor DCP reportado sobre la relación interpersonal y los nuevos dominios de posibilidades mediaron la asociación entre la recuperación inadecuada de los medios de subsistencia en el TEPT y la gravedad de los síntomas depresivos, y el aumento de la fuerza personal medió la asociación entre la recuperación inadecuada de los lazos sociales en estos síntomas.

          Conclusión: Mejorar la recuperación ante desastres es esencial para la protección de la salud mental, y la DCP puede ser un punto de partida valioso en la terapia cognitiva para proteger contra las respuestas al estrés después de un trauma.

          背景: 自然灾害后的心理健康议题在世界范围内引起广泛关注, 但已有研究鲜少从长期灾后恢复的角度来开展心理健康研究。已有研究对心理健康的影响因素进行了诸多探讨, 但是, 灾后生计恢复, 社会网络恢复与心理健康的关系仍未得到全面讨论。

          目标: 本研究旨在探索灾后恢复不足与灾民心理健康的关系, 并在认知适应理论下讨论不同维度的创伤后成长在上述关系中的中介作用。

          方法:本研究基于对1369位汶川地震成年幸存者的横截面研究, 借用相关分析与多变量回归对灾后恢复不足与心理健康后果的关系进行检验, 使用单步多重中介模型和结构方程模型对创伤后成长在上述关系中的中介作用进行分析。

          结果: 本研究发现分别有52.2%和8.1%的灾民表现出生计恢复不足与社会网络恢复不足。两种维度的灾后恢复不足都显著关联于更高水平的创伤后应激性障碍和抑郁症状。具体来说, 人际关系与发展新机会上的较低水平成长在一定水平上遮掩了由生存能力恢复不足对心理健康带来的负面效应,而个人增能的强化在一定程度上抵消了社会网络恢复不足对心理健康带来的负面影响。

          结论: 灾后恢复水平的提升对心理健康保护具有重要作用, 而创伤后成长有可能成为认知疗法的新视角, 用来缓解创伤后的压力性反应。

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          Most cited references60

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          Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical Mediation Analysis in the New Millennium

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            The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: measuring the positive legacy of trauma.

            The development of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, an instrument for assessing positive outcomes reported by persons who have experienced traumatic events, is described. This 21-item scale includes factors of New Possibilities, Relating to Others, Personal Strength, Spiritual Change, and Appreciation of Life. Women tend to report more benefits than do men, and persons who have experienced traumatic events report more positive change than do persons who have not experienced extraordinary events. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory is modestly related to optimism and extraversion. The scale appears to have utility in determining how successful individuals, coping with the aftermath of trauma, are in reconstructing or strengthening their perceptions of self, others, and the meaning of events.
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              Mental Health Consequences of Disasters

              We present in this review the current state of disaster mental health research. In particular, we provide an overview of research on the presentation, burden, correlates, and treatment of mental disorders following disasters. We also describe challenges to studying the mental health consequences of disasters and discuss the limitations in current methodologies. Finally, we offer directions for future disaster mental health research.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Eur J Psychotraumatol
                Eur J Psychotraumatol
                European Journal of Psychotraumatology
                Taylor & Francis
                2000-8198
                2000-8066
                29 January 2021
                2021
                29 January 2021
                : 12
                : 1
                : 1855902
                Affiliations
                [a ]Center for Social Security Studies, Wuhan University; , Wuhan, P.R. China
                [b ]Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University; , Beijing, P. R. China
                [c ]Global and Community Mental Health Research Group, New York University Shanghai; , Shanghai, P.R.China
                Author notes
                CONTACT Jing Guo jing624218@ 123456163.com Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University; , Beijing 100191, P. R. China
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2636-9338
                Article
                1855902
                10.1080/20008198.2020.1855902
                8725696
                34992742
                377dddd3-e491-4c31-81b8-4756207900c0
                © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 4, References: 63, Pages: 11
                Categories
                Research Article
                Basic Research Article

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                disaster recovery,ptsd,depression,ptg,mediation,recuperación de desastres,tept,depresión,dcp,mediación,灾后恢复,创伤后应激障碍,抑郁,创伤后成长,中介作用

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