Human papillomavirus as a driver of head and neck cancers

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Abstract

The human papillomavirus (HPV) family includes more than 170 different types of virus that infect stratified epithelium. High-risk HPV is well established as the primary cause of cervical cancer, but in recent years, a clear role for this virus in other malignancies is also emerging. Indeed, HPV plays a pathogenic role in a subset of head and neck cancers—mostly cancers of the oropharynx—with distinct epidemiological, clinical and molecular characteristics compared with head and neck cancers not caused by HPV. This review summarises our current understanding of HPV in these cancers, specifically detailing HPV infection in head and neck cancers within different racial/ethnic subpopulations, and the differences in various aspects of these diseases between women and men. Finally, we provide an outlook for this disease, in terms of clinical management, and consider the issues of ‘diagnostic biomarkers’ and targeted therapies.

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Global Cancer Statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries

Ahmedin Jemal, Lindsey A Torre, Rebecca Siegel … (2018)

This article provides a status report on the global burden of cancer worldwide using the GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates of cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, with a focus on geographic variability across 20 world regions. There will be an estimated 18.1 million new cancer cases (17.0 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 9.6 million cancer deaths (9.5 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) in 2018. In both sexes combined, lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer (11.6% of the total cases) and the leading cause of cancer death (18.4% of the total cancer deaths), closely followed by female breast cancer (11.6%), prostate cancer (7.1%), and colorectal cancer (6.1%) for incidence and colorectal cancer (9.2%), stomach cancer (8.2%), and liver cancer (8.2%) for mortality. Lung cancer is the most frequent cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among males, followed by prostate and colorectal cancer (for incidence) and liver and stomach cancer (for mortality). Among females, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death, followed by colorectal and lung cancer (for incidence), and vice versa (for mortality); cervical cancer ranks fourth for both incidence and mortality. The most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death, however, substantially vary across countries and within each country depending on the degree of economic development and associated social and life style factors. It is noteworthy that high-quality cancer registry data, the basis for planning and implementing evidence-based cancer control programs, are not available in most low- and middle-income countries. The Global Initiative for Cancer Registry Development is an international partnership that supports better estimation, as well as the collection and use of local data, to prioritize and evaluate national cancer control efforts. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 2018;0:1-31. © 2018 American Cancer Society.

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Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012.

Jacques Ferlay, Isabelle Soerjomataram, Rajesh Dikshit … (2015)

Estimates of the worldwide incidence and mortality from 27 major cancers and for all cancers combined for 2012 are now available in the GLOBOCAN series of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. We review the sources and methods used in compiling the national cancer incidence and mortality estimates, and briefly describe the key results by cancer site and in 20 large "areas" of the world. Overall, there were 14.1 million new cases and 8.2 million deaths in 2012. The most commonly diagnosed cancers were lung (1.82 million), breast (1.67 million), and colorectal (1.36 million); the most common causes of cancer death were lung cancer (1.6 million deaths), liver cancer (745,000 deaths), and stomach cancer (723,000 deaths). © 2014 UICC.

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The Eighth Edition AJCC Cancer Staging Manual: Continuing to build a bridge from a population-based to a more "personalized" approach to cancer staging.

Mahul B Amin, Frederick Greene, Stephen Edge … (2017)

The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging manual has become the benchmark for classifying patients with cancer, defining prognosis, and determining the best treatment approaches. Many view the primary role of the tumor, lymph node, metastasis (TNM) system as that of a standardized classification system for evaluating cancer at a population level in terms of the extent of disease, both at initial presentation and after surgical treatment, and the overall impact of improvements in cancer treatment. The rapid evolution of knowledge in cancer biology and the discovery and validation of biologic factors that predict cancer outcome and response to treatment with better accuracy have led some cancer experts to question the utility of a TNM-based approach in clinical care at an individualized patient level. In the Eighth Edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, the goal of including relevant, nonanatomic (including molecular) factors has been foremost, although changes are made only when there is strong evidence for inclusion. The editorial board viewed this iteration as a proactive effort to continue to build the important bridge from a "population-based" to a more "personalized" approach to patient classification, one that forms the conceptual framework and foundation of cancer staging in the era of precision molecular oncology. The AJCC promulgates best staging practices through each new edition in an effort to provide cancer care providers with a powerful, knowledge-based resource for the battle against cancer. In this commentary, the authors highlight the overall organizational and structural changes as well as "what's new" in the Eighth Edition. It is hoped that this information will provide the reader with a better understanding of the rationale behind the aggregate proposed changes and the exciting developments in the upcoming edition. CA Cancer J Clin 2017;67:93-99. © 2017 American Cancer Society.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Susanna Chiocca: +39-02-57489835 , susanna.chiocca@ieo.it

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Br J Cancer

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Br. J. Cancer

Title: British Journal of Cancer

Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )

ISSN (Print): 0007-0920

ISSN (Electronic): 1532-1827

Publication date (Electronic): 11 November 2019

Publication date (Print): 4 February 2020

Volume: 122

Issue: 3

Pages: 306-314

Affiliations

ISNI 0000 0004 1757 0843, GRID grid.15667.33, Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, , European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, ; IFOM-IEO Campus, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy

Article

Publisher ID: 602

DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0602-7

PMC ID: 7000688

PubMed ID: 31708575

SO-VID: 340acabc-0d69-4e12-aa18-b123e2f64b5e

License:

This work is published under the standard license to publish agreement. After 12 months the work will become freely available and the license terms will switch to a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).

History

Date received : 11 October 2018

Date revision received : 28 August 2019

Date accepted : 23 September 2019

Funding

Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100007076, Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research);

Award ID: CONAD id. 20979

Award Recipient : Maria Elisa Sabatini

Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100005010, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (Italian Association for Cancer Research);

Award ID: IG 2015 Id.16721

Award Recipient : Susanna Chiocca

Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000780, European Commission (EC);

Award ID: HPV‐AHEAD, Grant Number: FP7‐HEALTH‐2011–282562

Award Recipient : Susanna Chiocca

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy

Keywords: head and neck cancer,oncology

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy

Keywords: head and neck cancer, oncology

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Human papillomavirus as a driver of head and neck cancers

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Karger: Oncology

Most cited references 123

Global Cancer Statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries

Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012.

The Eighth Edition AJCC Cancer Staging Manual: Continuing to build a bridge from a population-based to a more "personalized" approach to cancer staging.

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