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      Trust and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy

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          Abstract

          This article uses novel data collected on a weekly basis covering more than 35,000 individuals in the EU to analyze the relationship between trust in various dimensions and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. We found that trust in science is negatively correlated, while trust in social media and the use of social media as the main source of information are positively associated with vaccine hesitancy. High trust in social media is found among adults aged 65+, financially distressed and unemployed individuals, and hesitancy is largely explained by conspiracy beliefs among them. Finally, we found that the temporary suspension of the AstraZeneca vaccine in March 2021 significantly increased vaccine hesitancy and especially among people with low trust in science, living in rural areas, females, and financially distressed. Our findings suggest that trust is a key determinant of vaccine hesitancy and that pro-vaccine campaigns could be successfully targeted toward groups at high risk of hesitancy.

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          A global survey of potential acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine

          Jeffrey V Lazarus, Scott C Ratzan, Adam Palayew … (2020)
          Several coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are currently in human trials. In June 2020, we surveyed 13,426 people in 19 countries to determine potential acceptance rates and factors influencing acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine. Of these, 71.5% of participants reported that they would be very or somewhat likely to take a COVID-19 vaccine, and 61.4% reported that they would accept their employer’s recommendation to do so. Differences in acceptance rates ranged from almost 90% (in China) to less than 55% (in Russia). Respondents reporting higher levels of trust in information from government sources were more likely to accept a vaccine and take their employer’s advice to do so.
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            Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 Vaccination

            Andreas Greinacher, Thomas Thiele, Theodore Warkentin … (2021)
            Background Several cases of unusual thrombotic events and thrombocytopenia have developed after vaccination with the recombinant adenoviral vector encoding the spike protein antigen of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (ChAdOx1 nCov-19, AstraZeneca). More data were needed on the pathogenesis of this unusual clotting disorder. Methods We assessed the clinical and laboratory features of 11 patients in Germany and Austria in whom thrombosis or thrombocytopenia had developed after vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCov-19. We used a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect platelet factor 4 (PF4)–heparin antibodies and a modified (PF4-enhanced) platelet-activation test to detect platelet-activating antibodies under various reaction conditions. Included in this testing were samples from patients who had blood samples referred for investigation of vaccine-associated thrombotic events, with 28 testing positive on a screening PF4–heparin immunoassay. Results Of the 11 original patients, 9 were women, with a median age of 36 years (range, 22 to 49). Beginning 5 to 16 days after vaccination, the patients presented with one or more thrombotic events, with the exception of 1 patient, who presented with fatal intracranial hemorrhage. Of the patients with one or more thrombotic events, 9 had cerebral venous thrombosis, 3 had splanchnic-vein thrombosis, 3 had pulmonary embolism, and 4 had other thromboses; of these patients, 6 died. Five patients had disseminated intravascular coagulation. None of the patients had received heparin before symptom onset. All 28 patients who tested positive for antibodies against PF4–heparin tested positive on the platelet-activation assay in the presence of PF4 independent of heparin. Platelet activation was inhibited by high levels of heparin, Fc receptor–blocking monoclonal antibody, and immune globulin (10 mg per milliliter). Additional studies with PF4 or PF4–heparin affinity purified antibodies in 2 patients confirmed PF4-dependent platelet activation. Conclusions Vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCov-19 can result in the rare development of immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia mediated by platelet-activating antibodies against PF4, which clinically mimics autoimmune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. (Funded by the German Research Foundation.)
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              Self-Rated Health and Mortality: A Review of Twenty-Seven Community Studies

              Ellen L Idler, Yael Benyamini (1997)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Sophie Guthmuller: sophie.guthmuller@wu.ac.at
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Rep
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Rep
                Title: Scientific Reports
                Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2045-2322
                Publication date (Electronic): 7 June 2023
                Publication date PMC-release: 7 June 2023
                Publication date Collection: 2023
                Volume: 13
                Electronic Location Identifier: 9245
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.7778.f, ISNI 0000 0004 1937 0319, Department of Political and Social Sciences, , University of Calabria, ; Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
                [2 ]GRID grid.437257.0, ISNI 0000 0001 2160 3212, RWI-Leibniz Institute for Economic Research, ; Essen, Germany
                [3 ]GRID grid.424879.4, ISNI 0000 0001 1010 4418, IZA, ; Bonn, Germany
                [4 ]GRID grid.15788.33, ISNI 0000 0001 1177 4763, Vienna University of Economics and Business, ; Vienna, Austria
                [5 ]GRID grid.440939.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0643 4547, Hochschule Harz, ; Wernigerode, Germany
                Article
                Publisher ID: 35974
                DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35974-z
                PMC ID: 10245358
                PubMed ID: 37286569
                SO-VID: 33bc1dad-e60f-4884-92a3-31f6f46e2316
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2023
                License:

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                Date received : 19 November 2022
                Date accepted : 26 May 2023
                Categories
                Subject: Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © Springer Nature Limited 2023

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Keywords: health policy,preventive medicine,health care economics
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Keywords: health policy, preventive medicine, health care economics

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