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      Sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic by population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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          Abstract

          <p class="first" id="d5846310e148">No systematic review or meta-analysis has yet been conducted to examine the impact of the pandemic on the prevalence of sleep problems among the general population, health care workers, or patients with COVID-19. Therefore, this systematic review was conducted to assess the impact and prevalence of sleep problems among those categories. </p>

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          Changes in sleep pattern, sense of time and digital media use during COVID‐19 lockdown in Italy

          Nicola Cellini, Natale Canale, Giovanna Mioni … (2020)
          Abstract Italy is one of the major COVID‐19 hotspots. To reduce the spread of the infections and the pressure on Italian healthcare systems, since March 10, 2020, Italy has been under a total lockdown, forcing people into home confinement. Here we present data from 1,310 people living in the Italian territory (M age = 23.91 ± 3.60 years, 880 females, 501 workers, 809 university students), who completed an online survey from March 24 to March 28, 2020. In the survey, we asked participants to think about their use of digital media before going to bed, their sleep pattern and their subjective experience of time in the previous week (March 17–23, which was the second week of the lockdown) and up to the first week of February (February 3–10, before any restriction in any Italian area). During the lockdown, people increased the usage of digital media near bedtime, but this change did not affect sleep habits. Nevertheless, during home confinement, sleep timing markedly changed, with people going to bed and waking up later, and spending more time in bed, but, paradoxically, also reporting a lower sleep quality. The increase in sleep difficulties was stronger for people with a higher level of depression, anxiety and stress symptomatology, and associated with the feeling of elongation of time. Considering that the lockdown is likely to continue for weeks, research data are urgently needed to support decision making, to build public awareness and to provide timely and supportive psychosocial interventions.
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            Mental health burden for the public affected by the COVID-19 outbreak in China: Who will be the high-risk group?

            Yeen Huang, Ning Zhao (2020)
            In December, 2019, an outbreak of respiratory illness caused by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China and spread rapidly to other parts of China and around the world. We aimed to identify high-risk groups whose mental health conditions were vulnerable to the COVID-19 outbreak. Data were collected from 7,236 self-selected participants measured by anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality. The overall prevalence of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and poor sleep quality were 35.1%, 20.1%, and 18.2%, respectively. People aged < 35 years reported a higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms than people aged ≥ 35 years. Healthcare workers have the highest rate of poor sleep compared to other occupations. Healthcare workers/younger people who spent a high level of time (≥ 3 hours/day) had a particular higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms than in those who spent less time (< 1 hours/day and 1-2 hours/day) on the outbreak. During the COVID-19 outbreak, healthcare workers and younger people were at an especially high-risk of displaying psychological impact when they spent too much time thinking about the outbreak. Continuous monitoring of the psychological consequences for high-risk population should become routine as part of targeted interventions during times of crisis.I.
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              Perceived Stress and Sleep Quality Among the Non-diseased General Public in China During the 2019 Coronavirus Disease: A Moderated Mediation Model

              Xiaolin Zhao, Mengxue Lan, Huixiang Li … (2020)
              Background The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread worldwide, and its associated stressors have resulted in decreased sleep quality among front-line workers. However, in China, the general public displayed more psychological problems than the front-line workers during the pandemic. Therefore, we investigated the influence of perceived stress on the sleep quality of the non-diseased general public and developed a moderated mediation model to explain said relationship. Methods Questionnaire-based surveys were conducted online from February 18–25, 2020 with 1,630 Chinese participants (aged 18–68 years). Results Around one-third (36.38%) of participants were poor sleepers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, higher perceived stress was significantly associated with higher anxiety levels, which, in turn, was associated with lower sleep quality. Self-esteem moderated the indirect effect of perceived stress on sleep quality through its moderation of the effect of perceived stress on anxiety. This indicated that the mediation effect of anxiety was stronger in those with low levels of self-esteem than in those with high levels of self-esteem. Conclusions These findings suggest that both the sleep quality and perceived stress levels of the non-diseased general public required attention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings also identify personality characteristics related to better sleep quality, demonstrating the important role of self-esteem in environmental adaptation.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine
                Abbreviated Title: Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine
                Publisher: American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM)
                ISSN (Print): 1550-9389
                ISSN (Electronic): 1550-9397
                Publication date Created: February 2021
                Publication date (Print): February 2021
                Volume: 17
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 299-313
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Ministry of Health, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
                [2 ]College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
                [3 ]Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University Sleep Disorders Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
                [4 ]The Strategic Technologies Program of the National Plan for Sciences and Technology and Innovation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
                [5 ]Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, Canada
                [6 ]Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences/ Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
                [7 ]Psychiatry &amp; Behavioral Sciences, Gerontology &amp; Geriatric Medicine, and Biobehavioral Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
                Article
                DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.8930
                PMC ID: 7853219
                PubMed ID: 33108269
                SO-VID: 309ed373-31b0-4f0f-be47-a919354e75ee
                Copyright © © 2021
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