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      Effects of Cognitively Based Compassion Training in the outskirts: A mixed study * Translated title: Efeitos do Treinamento Cognitivo de Compaixão na quebrada: estudo misto * Translated title: Efectos del Entrenamiento de la Compasión Cognitiva en la población de los barrios periféricos: un estudio mixto

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Objective:

          to analyze the effects of Cognitively Based Compassion Training (CBCT®) among people in situations of social vulnerability.

          Method:

          a mixed, sequential and transformative study with the same QUAL→QUAN weight. Focus Groups were applied at the beginning (n=24) and three months (n=11) after CBCT®, to understand the participants’ knowledge about emotions, (self)care and stress situations. Content analysis was performed in the WebQDA software. The participants (n=65) were randomized into control (n=31) and intervention (n=34) to assess self-compassion, perceived stress, and positive and negative affects at three time moments. The mixed factorial ANOVA analysis considered within-participants (time) and between-participants (place and group) factors.

          Results:

          mean age (37), female gender (88%), single (51%) and black-skinned people (77%). The following thematic categories emerged before the course: “Reducing others’ suffering as a bridge to conscious self-care” and “Social vulnerability as a potentiator of low emotional literacy”. Subsequently, self-compassion and awareness of the mental states for social activism. The quantitative analysis showed a significant increase in self-compassion within-participants (p=0.003); group factor (p<0.001); perceived stress reduction (p=0.013); negative affects group factor (p=0.005); and increase in positive affects (p<0.001) within-participants.

          Conclusion:

          CBCT®️ exerted a positive effect on individual well-being and a positive impact on community engagement to promote social well-being in the outskirts. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR-3w744z.) in April 2019.

          Resumo

          Objetivo:

          analisar os efeitos do Treinamento Cognitivo de Compaixão (CBCT®) entre pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade social.

          Método:

          estudo misto tipo transformativo sequencial com mesmo peso QUAL→QUAN. Grupos Focais aplicados no início (n=24) e três meses (n=11) após o CBCT®, para compreender o conhecimento dos participantes sobre emoções, (auto)cuidado e situações de estresse. A análise de conteúdo utilizou o software WebQDA ®. Os participantes (n=65) foram randomizados em controle (n=31) e intervenção (n=34), para avaliação de autocompaixão, estresse percebido e afetos positivos e negativos em três tempos. A ANOVA fatorial mista considerou fator dentre-participantes (tempo) e entre-participantes (local e grupo).

          Resultados:

          idade média (37), sexo feminino (88%), solteiras (51%) e pessoas negras (77%). Emergiram, antes do curso, as categorias temáticas: “Redução do sofrimento alheio como ponte para o autocuidado consciente” e “Vulnerabilidade social como potencializadora do baixo letramento emocional”. Em seguida, autocompaixão e consciência dos estados mentais para o ativismo social. A análise quantitativa demonstrou aumento significativo de autocompaixão dentre-participantes (p= 0,003); fator grupo (p< 0,001); redução do estresse percebido (p= 0,013); afetos negativos fator grupo (p= 0,005); e aumento dos afetos positivos (p< 001) dentre-participantes.

          Conclusão:

          o CBCT®️ teve efeito positivo sobre o bem-estar individual e promoveu impacto positivo no engajamento comunitário para a promoção do bem-estar social na quebrada. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (RBR-3w744z.) em abril de 2019.

          Resumen

          Objetivo:

          analizar los efectos del Entrenamiento en Compasión Cognitiva (CBCT®) en personas en situación de vulnerabilidad social.

          Método:

          estudio mixto del tipo transformativo secuencial con el mismo peso QUAL→QUAN. Grupos Focales aplicados al inicio (n=24) y tres meses (n=11) después del CBCT®, para comprender el conocimiento que tienen los participantes sobre emociones, (auto)cuidado y situaciones de estrés. El análisis de contenido utilizó el software WebQDA. Los participantes (n=65) fueron aleatorizados en el grupo control (n=31) y experimental (n=34) para evaluar la autocompasión, el estrés percibido y los afectos positivos y negativos en tres momentos. El ANOVA factorial mixto consideró factor de participantes (tiempo) y entre participantes (lugar y grupo).

          Resultados:

          edad promedio (37), sexo femenino (88%), solteras (51%) y negras (77%). Las categorías temáticas que surgieron antes del curso fueron: “Reducción del sufrimiento de los demás como puente para el autocuidado consciente” y “La vulnerabilidad social como potenciadora de la baja alfabetización emocional”. Luego la autocompasión y la conciencia de los estados mentales para el activismo social. El análisis cuantitativo mostró un aumento significativo en la autocompasión de los participantes (p=0,003); factor grupo (p< 0,001); reducción del estrés percibido (p=0,013); afectos negativos factor grupo (p= 0,005); y aumento de los afectos positivos (p< 001) de los participantes.

          Conclusión:

          El CBCT®️ tuvo un efecto positivo en el bienestar individual y tuvo un impacto positivo en la participación de la comunidad para promover el bienestar social en la población de los barrios periféricos. Registro Brasileño de Ensayos Clínicos (RBR-3w744z.) en abril de 2019.

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          Most cited references62

          • Record: found
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          The role of stress mindset in shaping cognitive, emotional, and physiological responses to challenging and threatening stress.

          Prior research suggests that altering situation-specific evaluations of stress as challenging versus threatening can improve responses to stress. The aim of the current study was to explore whether cognitive, physiological and affective stress responses can be altered independent of situation-specific evaluations by changing individuals' mindsets about the nature of stress in general.
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            Clarifying the Concept of Well-Being: Psychological Need Satisfaction as the Common Core Connecting Eudaimonic and Subjective Well-Being

            Interest in the experience of well-being, as both a research topic and as a policy goal, has significantly increased in recent decades. Although subjective well-being (SWB)—composed of positive affect, low negative affect, and life satisfaction—is the most commonly used measure of well-being, many experts have argued that another important dimension of well-being, often referred to as eudaimonic well-being (EWB), should be measured alongside SWB. EWB, however, has been operationalized in at least 45 different ways, using measures of at least 63 different constructs. These diverse measurement strategies often have little overlap, leading to discrepant results and making the findings of different studies difficult to compare. Building on the Eudaimonic Activity Model, we propose a tripartite conception of well-being, distinguishing between eudaimonic motives/activities, psychological need satisfaction, and SWB, arguing that the needs category provides a parsimonious set of elements at the core of the well-being construct. Based on the self-determination theory claim that all human beings share evolved psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, we show that satisfaction of all three needs directly affect SWB and other health and wellness outcomes, can efficiently explain the effects of various behaviors and conditions upon well-being outcomes, and are universally impactful across cultures. We conclude that routinely measuring psychological needs alongside SWB within national and international surveys would give policymakers a parsimonious way to assess eudaimonic dimensions of wellness and provide powerful mediator variables for explaining how various cultural, economic, and social factors concretely affect citizens’ well-being and health.
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              Examining the factor structure of the Self-Compassion Scale in 20 diverse samples: Support for use of a total score and six subscale scores.

              This study examined the factor structure of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) using secondary data drawn from 20 samples (N = 11,685)-7 English and 13 non-English-including 10 community, 6 student, 1 mixed community/student, 1 meditator, and 2 clinical samples. Self-compassion is theorized to represent a system with 6 constituent components: self-kindness, common humanity, mindfulness and reduced self-judgment, isolation and overidentification. There has been controversy as to whether a total score on the SCS or if separate scores representing compassionate versus uncompassionate self-responding should be used. The current study examined the factor structure of the SCS using confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) to examine 5 distinct models: 1-factor, 2-factor correlated, 6-factor correlated, single-bifactor (1 general self-compassion factor and 6 group factors), and 2-bifactor models (2 correlated general factors each with 3 group factors representing compassionate or uncompassionate self-responding). Results indicated that a 1- and 2-factor solution to the SCS had inadequate fit in every sample examined using both CFA and ESEM, whereas fit was excellent using ESEM for the 6-factor correlated, single-bifactor and correlated 2-bifactor models. However, factor loadings for the correlated 2-bifactor models indicated that 2 separate factors were not well specified. A general factor explained 95% of the reliable item variance in the single-bifactor model. Results support use of the SCS to examine 6 subscale scores (representing the constituent components of self-compassion) or a total score (representing overall self-compassion), but not separate scores representing compassionate and uncompassionate self-responding. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Lat Am Enfermagem
                Rev Lat Am Enfermagem
                rlae
                Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem
                Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto / Universidade de São Paulo
                0104-1169
                1518-8345
                2022
                29 April 2022
                : 30
                : e3575
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
                [2 ] Bolsista da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Brasil.
                [3 ] Emory University, Center for Contemplative Science and Compassion-Based Ethics, Atlanta, GA, Estados Unidos da América.
                [4 ] Bangor University, School of Social Sciences, North Wales, PG, Inglaterra.
                Author notes
                [Autor correspondente: ] Flávia Cristiane Kolchraiber. E-mail: flacrik@ 123456gmail.com

                Editora Associada: Andrea Bernardes

                Contribuição dos autores: Concepção e desenho da pesquisa: Flávia Cristiane Kolchraiber, Luiza Hiromi Tanaka, Káren Mendes Jorge de Souza. Obtenção de dados: Flávia Cristiane Kolchraiber, Káren Mendes Jorge de Souza. Análise e interpretação dos dados: Flávia Cristiane Kolchraiber, Luiza Hiromi Tanaka, Ana Cristina Atanes. Análise estatística: Ana Cristina Atanes. Obtenção de financiamento: Lobsang Tenzin Negi (nome legal Satya Dev Negi). Redação do manuscrito: Flávia Cristiane Kolchraiber, Luiza Hiromi Tanaka, Lobsang Tenzin Negi (nome legal Satya Dev Negi), Ana Cristina Atanes, Káren Mendes Jorge de Souza. Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante: Flávia Cristiane Kolchraiber, Luiza Hiromi Tanaka, Lobsang Tenzin Negi (nome legal Satya Dev Negi), Ana Cristina Atanes, Káren Mendes Jorge de Souza. Outros (Idealizador o CBCT e análise crítica do programa): Lobsang Tenzin Negi (nome legal Satya Dev Negi). Todos os autores aprovaram a versão final do texto.

                Conflito de interesse: Os autores declararam que não há conflito de interesse.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0686-9092
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4344-1116
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7576-7738
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8115-7672
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5563-1569
                Article
                00311
                10.1590/1518-8345.5691.3575
                9052775
                35507959
                2f9e490b-cce4-458f-a023-4348143ee73d

                Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto sob uma licença Creative Commons

                History
                : 21 October 2021
                : 30 January 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 9, Tables: 6, Equations: 0, References: 53, Pages: 0
                Categories
                Artigo Original

                empathy,meditation,social vulnerability,complementary therapies,health promotion,community participation,compaixão,meditação,vulnerabilidade social,terapias complementares,promoção da saúde,participação comunitária,empatía,meditación,vulnerabilidad social,terapias complementarias,promoción de la salud,participación de la comunidad

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