Design principles in mechanically adaptable biomaterials for repairing annulus fibrosus rupture: A review

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Abstract

Annulus fibrosus (AF) plays a crucial role in the biomechanical loading of intervertebral disc (IVD). AF is difficult to self-heal when the annulus tears develop, because AF has a unique intricate structure and biologic milieu in vivo. Tissue engineering is promising for repairing AF rupture, but construction of suitable mechanical matching devices or scaffolds is still a grand challenge. To deeply know the varied forces involved in the movement of the native annulus is highly beneficial for designing biomimetic scaffolds to recreate the AF function. In this review, we overview six freedom degrees of forces and adhesion strength on AF tissue. Then, we summarize the mechanical modalities to simulate related forces on AF and to assess the characteristics of biomaterials. We finally outline some current advanced techniques to develop mechanically adaptable biomaterials for AF rupture repair.

Graphical abstract

Highlights

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Mechanical loading on annulus fibrosus.
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Design mechanical principles of annulus-repairing materials.
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Systematically mechanical characterizations for designed biomaterials.
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The advanced fabricating techniques for mechanical-adaptable biomaterials to repair annulus.

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Most cited references 138

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What low back pain is and why we need to pay attention

Paulo Ferreira, Manuela Ferreira, Peter Croft … (2018)

Low back pain is a very common symptom. It occurs in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries and all age groups from children to the elderly population. Globally, years lived with disability caused by low back pain increased by 54% between 1990 and 2015, mainly because of population increase and ageing, with the biggest increase seen in low-income and middle-income countries. Low back pain is now the leading cause of disability worldwide. For nearly all people with low back pain, it is not possible to identify a specific nociceptive cause. Only a small proportion of people have a well understood pathological cause-eg, a vertebral fracture, malignancy, or infection. People with physically demanding jobs, physical and mental comorbidities, smokers, and obese individuals are at greatest risk of reporting low back pain. Disabling low back pain is over-represented among people with low socioeconomic status. Most people with new episodes of low back pain recover quickly; however, recurrence is common and in a small proportion of people, low back pain becomes persistent and disabling. Initial high pain intensity, psychological distress, and accompanying pain at multiple body sites increases the risk of persistent disabling low back pain. Increasing evidence shows that central pain-modulating mechanisms and pain cognitions have important roles in the development of persistent disabling low back pain. Cost, health-care use, and disability from low back pain vary substantially between countries and are influenced by local culture and social systems, as well as by beliefs about cause and effect. Disability and costs attributed to low back pain are projected to increase in coming decades, in particular in low-income and middle-income countries, where health and other systems are often fragile and not equipped to cope with this growing burden. Intensified research efforts and global initiatives are clearly needed to address the burden of low back pain as a public health problem.

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Antibacterial adhesive injectable hydrogels with rapid self-healing, extensibility and compressibility as wound dressing for joints skin wound healing

Tianlong Zhang, Jin Qu, Xin Zhao … (2018)

Designing wound dressing materials with outstanding therapeutic effects, self-healing, adhesiveness and suitable mechanical property has great practical significance in healthcare, especially for joints skin wound healing. Here, we designed a kind of self-healing injectable micelle/hydrogel composites with multi-functions as wound dressing for joint skin damage. By combining the dynamic Schiff base and copolymer micelle cross-linking in one system, a series of hydrogels were prepared by mixing quaternized chitosan (QCS) and benzaldehyde-terminated Pluronic®F127 (PF127-CHO) under physiological conditions. The inherent antibacterial property, pH-dependent biodegradation and release behavior were investigated to confirm multi-functions of wound dressing. The hydrogel dressings showed suitable stretchable and compressive property, comparable modulus with human skin, good adhesiveness and fast self-healing ability to bear deformation. The hydrogels exhibited efficient hemostatic performance and biocompatibility. Moreover, the curcumin loaded hydrogel showed good antioxidant ability and pH responsive release profiles. In vivo experiments indicated that curcumin loaded hydrogels significantly accelerated wound healing rate with higher granulation tissue thickness and collagen disposition and upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a full-thickness skin defect model. Taken together, the antibacterial adhesive hydrogels with self-healing and good mechanical property offer significant promise as dressing materials for joints skin wound healing.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Hongmei Liu

Zhaomin Zheng

Decheng Wu

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Bioact Mater

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Bioact Mater

Title: Bioactive Materials

Publisher: KeAi Publishing

ISSN (Electronic): 2452-199X

Publication date PMC-release: 04 September 2023

Publication date Collection: January 2024

Publication date (Electronic): 04 September 2023

Volume: 31

Pages: 422-439

Affiliations

[a ]Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China

[b ]Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China

[c ]Pain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China

Author notes

[∗ ]Corresponding author. wudc@ 123456sustech.edu.cn

[∗∗ ]Corresponding author. liuhm@ 123456sustech.edu.cn

[∗∗∗ ]Corresponding author. Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. zhzhaom@ 123456mail.sysu.edu.cn

Article

Publisher Item ID: S2452-199X(23)00251-7

DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.08.012

PMC ID: 10485601

PubMed ID: 37692911

SO-VID: 29352869-3744-4a91-855b-4220a978d898

License:

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

History

Date received : 1 June 2023

Date revision received : 25 July 2023

Date accepted : 12 August 2023

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