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      Populations and Climatic Evolution in North Tropical Africa from the End of the Neolithic to the Dawn of the Modern Era

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      African Archaeological Review
      Springer Science and Business Media LLC

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          Persistent positive North Atlantic oscillation mode dominated the Medieval Climate Anomaly.

          The Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) was the most recent pre-industrial era warm interval of European climate, yet its driving mechanisms remain uncertain. We present here a 947-year-long multidecadal North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) reconstruction and find a persistent positive NAO during the MCA. Supplementary reconstructions based on climate model results and proxy data indicate a clear shift to weaker NAO conditions into the Little Ice Age (LIA). Globally distributed proxy data suggest that this NAO shift is one aspect of a global MCA-LIA climate transition that probably was coupled to prevailing La Niña-like conditions amplified by an intensified Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during the MCA.
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            Global signatures and dynamical origins of the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Anomaly.

            Global temperatures are known to have varied over the past 1500 years, but the spatial patterns have remained poorly defined. We used a global climate proxy network to reconstruct surface temperature patterns over this interval. The Medieval period is found to display warmth that matches or exceeds that of the past decade in some regions, but which falls well below recent levels globally. This period is marked by a tendency for La Niña-like conditions in the tropical Pacific. The coldest temperatures of the Little Ice Age are observed over the interval 1400 to 1700 C.E., with greatest cooling over the extratropical Northern Hemisphere continents. The patterns of temperature change imply dynamical responses of climate to natural radiative forcing changes involving El Niño and the North Atlantic Oscillation-Arctic Oscillation.
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              Sand deserts during glacial maximum and climatic optimum

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                African Archaeological Review
                Afr Archaeol Rev
                Springer Science and Business Media LLC
                0263-0338
                1572-9842
                June 2015
                July 15 2015
                June 2015
                : 32
                : 2
                : 179-232
                Article
                10.1007/s10437-015-9190-y
                29173f5f-8161-4998-8086-c6aa013eb6cb
                © 2015

                http://www.springer.com/tdm

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