For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
30
views
61
references
 Top references
cited by
29
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      468
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Toll-like receptors and NOD-like receptors in rheumatic diseases

      review-article
      Author(s): 1 , 1 , 2 ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Arthritis Research & Therapy
      Publisher: BioMed Central

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          The past 10 years have seen the description of families of receptors that drive proinflammatory cytokine production in infection and tissue injury. Two major classes have been examined in the context of inflammatory joint disease - the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs). TLRs such as TLR2 and TLR4 are being implicated in the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, lyme arthritis and osteoarthritis. Nalp3 has been identified as a key NLR for IL-1β production and has been shown to have a particular role in gout. These findings present new therapeutic opportunities, possibly allowing for the replacement of biologics with small molecule inhibitors.

          Related collections

          Most cited references61

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          The inflammasomes: guardians of the body.

          Fabio Martinon, Annick Mayor, Jurg Tschopp (2009)
          The innate immune system relies on its capacity to rapidly detect invading pathogenic microbes as foreign and to eliminate them. The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) provided a class of membrane receptors that sense extracellular microbes and trigger antipathogen signaling cascades. More recently, intracellular microbial sensors have been identified, including NOD-like receptors (NLRs). Some of the NLRs also sense nonmicrobial danger signals and form large cytoplasmic complexes called inflammasomes that link the sensing of microbial products and metabolic stress to the proteolytic activation of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-18. The NALP3 inflammasome has been associated with several autoinflammatory conditions including gout. Likewise, the NALP3 inflammasome is a crucial element in the adjuvant effect of aluminum and can direct a humoral adaptive immune response. In this review, we discuss the role of NLRs, and in particular the inflammasomes, in the recognition of microbial and danger components and the role they play in health and disease.
          Article 0 comments Cited 679 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Pattern recognition receptors TLR4 and CD14 mediate response to respiratory syncytial virus.

            E. Kurt-Jones, L. Popova, L Kwinn … (2000)
            The innate immune system contributes to the earliest phase of the host defense against foreign organisms and has both soluble and cellular pattern recognition receptors for microbial products. Two important members of this receptor group, CD14 and the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pattern recognition receptors, are essential for the innate immune response to components of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria, spirochetes and yeast. We now find that these receptors function in an antiviral response as well. The innate immune response to the fusion protein of an important respiratory pathogen of humans, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), was mediated by TLR4 and CD14. RSV persisted longer in the lungs of infected TLR4-deficient mice compared to normal mice. Thus, a common receptor activation pathway can initiate innate immune responses to both bacterial and viral pathogens.
            Article 0 comments Cited 359 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              An orthogonal proteomic-genomic screen identifies AIM2 as a cytoplasmic DNA sensor for the inflammasome.

              Tilmann Bürckstümmer, Christoph Baumann, Stephan Blüml … (2009)
              Cytoplasmic DNA triggers activation of the innate immune system. Although 'downstream' signaling components have been characterized, the DNA-sensing components remain elusive. Here we present a systematic proteomics screen for proteins that associate with DNA, 'crossed' to a screen for transcripts induced by interferon-beta, which identified AIM2 as a candidate cytoplasmic DNA sensor. AIM2 showed specificity for double-stranded DNA. It also recruited the inflammasome adaptor ASC and localized to ASC 'speckles'. A decrease in AIM2 expression produced by RNA-mediated interference impaired DNA-induced maturation of interleukin 1beta in THP-1 human monocytic cells, which indicated that endogenous AIM2 is required for DNA recognition. Reconstitution of unresponsive HEK293 cells with AIM2, ASC, caspase-1 and interleukin 1beta showed that AIM2 was sufficient for inflammasome activation. Our data suggest that AIM2 is a cytoplasmic DNA sensor for the inflammasome.
              Article 0 comments Cited 310 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Arthritis Res Ther
                Title: Arthritis Research & Therapy
                Publisher: BioMed Central
                ISSN (Print): 1478-6354
                ISSN (Electronic): 1478-6362
                Publication date (Print): 2009
                Publication date (Electronic): 14 October 2009
                Volume: 11
                Issue: 5
                Page: 243
                Affiliations
                [1 ]OPSONA Therapeutics Ltd, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James' Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
                [2 ]School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
                Article
                Publisher ID: ar2729
                DOI: 10.1186/ar2729
                PMC ID: 2787278
                PubMed ID: 19835640
                SO-VID: 27718189-b8ae-4d7d-a984-d08a4fe68570
                Copyright © Copyright ©2009 BioMed Central Ltd
                History
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Orthopedics
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Orthopedics

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content468

                See all similar

                Cited by28

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors1,163

                See all reference authors