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      Emergence of melioidosis in the Indian Ocean region: Two new cases and a literature review

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          Melioidosis is a disease caused by bacteria called B. pseudomallei. Infections can develop after contact with standing water. This disease can reach all the organs and especially the lungs. It is associated with a high mortality rate (up to 50%). Melioidosis is endemic in northern Australia and in Southeast Asia. Nevertheless, B. pseudomallei may be endemic in the Indian Ocean region and in Madagascar in particular, so clinicians and microbiologists should consider acute melioidosis as a differential diagnosis in the Indian Ocean region, in particular from Madagascar.

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          Cutaneous melioidosis in a man who was taken as a prisoner of war by the Japanese during World War II.

          V Ngauy, Y Lemeshev, L. Sadkowski … (2005)
          Melioidosis, an infection caused by the gram-negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei, is endemic to Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. Human infection is acquired through contact with contaminated water via percutaneous inoculation. Clinical manifestations range from skin and soft tissue infection to pneumonia with sepsis. We report a case of a man who was taken as a prisoner of war by the Japanese during World War II who presented with a nonhealing ulcer on his right hand 62 years after the initial exposure.
          Article 0 comments Cited 75 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Prevalence of Arcobacter Species among Humans, Belgium, 2008–2013

            Anne-Marie Van den Abeele, Dirk Vogelaers, Johan Van Hende … (2014)
            We examined fecal samples from 6,774 patients with enteritis in Belgium, 2008–2013. Members of the genus Arcobacter were the fourth most common pathogen group isolated, and the isolation rate was higher than previously reported. Culturing Arcobacter in a microbiology laboratory is feasible and should thus be tested for in cases of diarrheal disease.
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              Halving of mortality of severe melioidosis by ceftazidime.

              Y Wattanagoon, Michael Dance, W Chaowagul … (1989)
              An open randomised trial was conducted to compare ceftazidime (120 mg/kg/day) with "conventional therapy" (chloramphenicol 100 mg/kg/day, doxycycline 4 mg/kg/day, trimethoprim 10 mg/kg/day, and sulphamethoxazole 50 mg/kg/day) in the treatment of severe melioidosis. A paired restricted sequential trial designed to detect a reduction in mortality from 80 to 40% in culture-positive patients surviving greater than 48 hours was stopped after 22 months. Of the 161 patients entered into the study, 65 had bacteriologically confirmed melioidosis and 54 of these were septicaemic. Ceftazidime treatment was associated with a 50% (95% CI 19-81%) lower overall mortality than conventional treatment (74% vs 37%; p = 0.009) and should now become the treatment of choice for severe melioidosis.
              Article 0 comments Cited 39 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Joseph M. Vinetz: Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS Negl Trop Dis
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS Negl Trop Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Journal ID (pmc): plosntds
                Title: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                ISSN (Print): 1935-2727
                ISSN (Electronic): 1935-2735
                Publication date (Electronic): 14 December 2017
                Publication date Collection: December 2017
                Volume: 11
                Issue: 12
                Electronic Location Identifier: e0006018
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Réanimation Polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Félix Guyon, Saint Denis, France
                [2 ] Bacteriologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Felix Guyon, Saint Denis, France
                University of California San Diego School of Medicine, UNITED STATES
                Author notes

                The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3228-0831
                Article
                Publisher ID: PNTD-D-17-01053
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006018
                PMC ID: 5730118
                PubMed ID: 29240770
                SO-VID: 25f168ec-0355-4223-a1b9-754b9aa8a372
                Copyright © © 2017 Allou et al
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 1, Pages: 6
                Funding
                The authors received no specific funding for this work.
                Categories
                Subject: Symposium
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Infectious Diseases
                Subject: Bacterial Diseases
                Subject: Melioidosis
                Subject: People and Places
                Subject: Geographical Locations
                Subject: Africa
                Subject: Madagascar
                Subject: Earth Sciences
                Subject: Geomorphology
                Subject: Topography
                Subject: Landforms
                Subject: Islands
                Subject: Earth sciences
                Subject: Marine and aquatic sciences
                Subject: Bodies of water
                Subject: Oceans
                Subject: Indian Ocean
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Diagnostic Medicine
                Subject: Signs and Symptoms
                Subject: Abscesses
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
                Subject: Signs and Symptoms
                Subject: Abscesses
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Pulmonology
                Subject: Pneumonia
                Subject: Physical Sciences
                Subject: Chemistry
                Subject: Analytical Chemistry
                Subject: Mass Spectrometry
                Subject: Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
                Subject: Research and Analysis Methods
                Subject: Spectrum Analysis Techniques
                Subject: Mass Spectrometry
                Subject: Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Infectious Diseases
                Subject: Bacterial Diseases
                Subject: Bacteremia
                Custom metadata
                Data Availability All relevant data are within the paper.

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology

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