The increasing atmospheric CO <sub>2</sub> over India: Comparison to global trends

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Summary

Atmospheric CO ₂ is the key Greenhouse Gas in terms of its global warming potential and anthropogenic sources. Therefore, it is important to analyze the changes in the concentration of atmospheric CO ₂ to monitor regional and global climate change. Here, we use ground-based and satellite measurements for the 2002-2020 period to assess CO ₂ over India. The average CO ₂ trend over India is about 2.1 ppm/yr, and the highest trends are in agreement with the increase in total energy consumption during the period, and the highest trends are found in the areas of mines and refineries in the west and east India. The estimated CO ₂ trends for India are comparable to that of global tropical and mid-latitude regions. The increasing CO ₂ implies serious anthropogenic global warming and thus, calls for mitigation measures and continuous monitoring for timely policy interventions.

Graphical abstract

Highlights

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All satellite CO ₂ measurements show a bias between −0.5 and 3.0 ppm
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Coastal India shows high concentrations and the highest trend is 2.4 ppm/yr
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The global average CO ₂ trends are similar to that of India, about 1.8-2.1 ppm/yr
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The Increasing CO ₂ is a concern for regional warming and global climate change

Abstract

Atmospheric science; Atmospheric observation; Environmental monitoring; Remote sensing

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Is Open Access

Future climate forcing potentially without precedent in the last 420 million years

Gavin L Foster, Dana Royer, Daniel Lunt (2017)

The evolution of Earth's climate on geological timescales is largely driven by variations in the magnitude of total solar irradiance (TSI) and changes in the greenhouse gas content of the atmosphere. Here we show that the slow ∼50 Wm−2 increase in TSI over the last ∼420 million years (an increase of ∼9 Wm−2 of radiative forcing) was almost completely negated by a long-term decline in atmospheric CO2. This was likely due to the silicate weathering-negative feedback and the expansion of land plants that together ensured Earth's long-term habitability. Humanity's fossil-fuel use, if unabated, risks taking us, by the middle of the twenty-first century, to values of CO2 not seen since the early Eocene (50 million years ago). If CO2 continues to rise further into the twenty-third century, then the associated large increase in radiative forcing, and how the Earth system would respond, would likely be without geological precedent in the last half a billion years.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Jayanarayanan Kuttippurath

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): iScience

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): iScience

Title: iScience

Publisher: Elsevier

ISSN (Electronic): 2589-0042

Publication date PMC-release: 02 August 2022

Publication date Collection: 19 August 2022

Publication date (Electronic): 02 August 2022

Volume: 25

Issue: 8

Electronic Location Identifier: 104863

Affiliations

[1 ]CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India

Author notes

[∗ ]Corresponding author jayan@ 123456coral.iitkgp.ac.in

[2]

Lead contact

Article

Publisher Item ID: S2589-0042(22)01135-X Publisher ID: 104863

DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104863

PMC ID: 9389241

PubMed ID: 35992089

SO-VID: 24238da3-5594-47da-af29-9eceb29526a5

License:

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

History

Date received : 12 February 2022

Date revision received : 28 May 2022

Date accepted : 27 July 2022

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