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      How is COVID-19 reshaping activity-travel behavior? Evidence from a comprehensive survey in Chicago

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          Abstract

          The novel COVID-19 pandemic has caused upheaval around the world and has led to drastic changes in our daily routines. Long-established routines such as commuting to workplace and in-store shopping are being replaced by telecommuting and online shopping. Many of these shifts were already underway for a long time, but the pandemic has accelerated them remarkably. This research is an effort to investigate how and to what extent people's mobility-styles and habitual travel behaviors have changed during the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore whether these changes will persist afterward or will bounce back to the pre-pandemic situation. To do so, a stated preference-revealed preference (SP-RP) survey is designed and implemented in the Chicago metropolitan area. The survey incorporates a comprehensive set of questions associated with individuals' travel behaviors, habits, and perceptions before and during the pandemic, as well as their expectations about the future. Analysis of the collected data reveals significant changes in various aspects of people's travel behavior. We also provide several insights for policymakers to be able to proactively plan for more equitable, sustainable, and resilient cities.

          Highlights

          • •

            We investigate how people's travel behavior has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic

          • •

            It is explored whether such changes will persist afterward or bounce back to the pre-pandemic situation

          • •

            A comprehensive stated preference-revealed preference survey in the Chicago region is implemented

          • •

            Our survey findings revealed significant changes in people's mobility-styles and habitual travel behaviors.

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          The effect of COVID-19 and subsequent social distancing on travel behavior

          Jonas De Vos (2020)
          The spread of the COVID-19 virus has resulted in unprecedented measures restricting travel and activity participation in many countries. Social distancing, i.e., reducing interactions between individuals in order to slow down the spread of the virus, has become the new norm. In this viewpoint I will discuss the potential implications of social distancing on daily travel patterns. Avoiding social contact might completely change the number and types of out-of-home activities people perform, and how people reach these activities. It can be expected that the demand for travel will reduce and that people will travel less by public transport. Social distancing might negatively affect subjective well-being and health status, as it might result in social isolation and limited physical activity. As a result, walking and cycling, recreationally or utilitarian, can be important ways to maintain satisfactory levels of health and well-being. Policymakers and planners should consequently try to encourage active travel, while public transport operators should focus on creating ways to safely use public transport.
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            How COVID-19 and the Dutch ‘intelligent lockdown’ change activities, work and travel behaviour: Evidence from longitudinal data in the Netherlands

            Mathijs P. de Haas, Roel Faber, Marije Hamersma (2020)
            COVID-19 has massively affected the lives of people all over the world. This paper presents first insights in current and potential future effects of the virus and the Dutch government's ‘intelligent lockdown’ on people's activities and travel behaviour. Findings are based on a representative sample of about 2500 respondents from the Netherlands Mobility Panel (MPN). We show that approximately 80% of people reduced their activities outdoors, with a stronger decrease for older people. 44% of workers started or increased the amount of hours working from home and 30% have more remote meetings. Most of these workers report positive experiences. Students and school pupils, however, are mostly not happy with following education from home. Furthermore, the amount of trips and distance travelled dropped by 55% and 68% respectively when compared to the fall of 2019. So-called ‘roundtrips’ (e.g. a walking or cycling tour) gained in popularity. People are currently more positive towards the car and far more negative towards public transport. Changes in outdoor activities seem to be temporal, with over 90% of people who currently reduced their outdoor activities not expecting to continue this behaviour in the future after corona. However, 27% of home-workers expect to work from home more often in the future. In addition, 20% of people expect to cycle and walk more and 20% expect to fly less in the future. These findings show that the coronavirus crisis might result in structural behavioural changes, although future longitudinal analyses are needed to observe these possible structural effects.
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              Modal share changes due to COVID-19: The case of Budapest

              Peter Bucsky (2020)
              The COVID-19 pandemic has had a rapid and significant impact on mobility. One of the most important responses of countries worldwide to slow the spread of the pandemic has been to restrict the movement of people, which has had a considerable effect on transport systems. However, the reduction of transport is not identical for all modes of transport: public transport has seen the greatest decline by far. Understanding urban modal share developments during a pandemic situation can help cities better prepare for transport management in the future.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives
                Publisher: Published by Elsevier Ltd.
                ISSN (Print): 2590-1982
                ISSN (Electronic): 2590-1982
                Publication date PMC-release: 6 September 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 6 September 2020
                Electronic Location Identifier: 100216
                Affiliations
                Department of Civil and Materials Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author at: 842 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
                Article
                Publisher ID: S2590-1982(20)30127-5 Publisher ID: 100216
                DOI: 10.1016/j.trip.2020.100216
                PMC ID: 7474875
                PubMed ID: 34173469
                SO-VID: 21676672-9ffa-4988-8066-ac0a1baba313
                Copyright © © 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
                License:

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                Date received : 11 June 2020
                Date revision received : 28 August 2020
                Date accepted : 29 August 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: covid-19,lifestyle,online shopping,telecommuting,transit,active transportation
                Data availability:
                Keywords: covid-19, lifestyle, online shopping, telecommuting, transit, active transportation

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