Histopathological features of breast cancer in Al-Madinah region of Saudi Arabia

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Abstract

Objectives:

To observe the frequency of breast cancer among Saudi patients and to highlight the age variations and features of advanced cancer.

Methods:

A retrospective study of breast cancer biopsies from all Saudi patients performed between January 2006 and December 2013 in King Fahad Hospital, Al-Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. All the available demographic and tumor related data was analyzed.

Results:

Of 1005 breast tissues reviewed, 982 specimens were from female, and 23 from male patients. In females, 398 specimens (40.5%) were diagnosed as malignant. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) (85.2%) was most common, followed by ductal carcinoma in situ (8%), and invasive lobular carcinoma (2.7%). The mean age of Saudi females with IDC was 46.9 years. Approximately 48.7% IDC were Grade III tumors. A tumor size >2.5 cm was found in 61.1% patients, whereas axillary nodal metastasis was present in 57.1% and lymphovascular invasion in 64.1% who underwent axillary nodal dissection. In males, 4 specimens (17.4%) were malignant (all IDC).

Conclusion:

Our finding are consistent with previous reports of breast cancer being diagnosed in younger age group, in advanced stages, and with features of aggressive behavior; which signals the urgency for implementation of breast screening programs.

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Most cited references 25

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Age at diagnosis of breast cancer in Arab nations.

Hesahm Najjar, Alexandra M Easson (2010)

The impression among Arab Physicians dealing with breast cancer is that it presents at an earlier age and at a more advanced stage as compared to western countries. However, the statistical data to support this impression is remarkably scarce. We performed a comprehensive literature review of reports of breast cancer in Arab countries. Articles were identified from Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, Emirate, Oman, Yemen, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Egypt, Libya, Algeria, Tunis, Morocco, and Sudan. Twenty eight articles were identified and reviewed. The average age at diagnosis of breast cancer was available in 18 articles; the average age was 48 (SD = 2.8), range 43-52, median 48.5 and mode 45 years among the 7455 patients included. The median age of diagnosis of breast cancer was available in 8 articles; here, the average age was 45.4 (SD = 4.8), range 40-54.5, median 44.5 years among the 5379 patients included. The percentage of patients that were younger than 50 years old was reported in 11 articles from 8 countries and included 5144 patients; 65.5% (SD = 11) were less than 50 years old (range 49-78%, median = 66%). In this literature review, the average age at presentation of breast cancer in Arab countries appears to be a decade earlier than in western countries. If this is true, this has important implications for screening and cancer management strategies in these countries, including the ideal age at which to begin screening. Adoption of Western guidelines "without critical amendment" in planning breast cancer programs will waste resources without achieving desired outcomes. Determination of the true frequency and age of onset of breast cancer in Arab women should be an important research priority. Copyright © 2010 Surgical Associates Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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The present and the future of breast cancer burden in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Vivienne Ezzat, Ahmed A Zeeneldin, Muntaser Ibrahim … (2007)

Despite the low cancer incidence in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), the country must be ready to face the challenge of foreseeable increase in cancer burden attributed to growth and aging of population. This work was designed to study female breast cancer as a model to assess future cancer burden and the impact on healthcare resources. Cancer statistics for the KSA were compared with that for the USA. The Joinpoint regression program was used to identify changes in secular trends, while the GLOBOCAN 2002 software projected future incidence and mortality. In the KSA, the age-standardized cancer rate (ASR) is 61 per 100,000 population, while the median age at diagnosis is 54 and 49 years for men and women, respectively. Fitting the ASR for breast cancer did not show any significant trend over a 10-year calendar period (16.2-18.2 per 100,000), a pattern that was similar to that for the USA in the prescreening mammography era. Considering the growth and aging of population and using conservative estimates for the annual percent change in incidence (increase) and mortality (decrease) by 2025, incidence and mortality cases are expected to increase by about 350% and 160%, respectively. In developing countries, future cancer rates could demonstrate a considerable increase and enormous demands on healthcare resources. The present work may provide an impetus to study other prevalent cancer types particularly in developing countries.

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The incidence rate of female breast cancer in Saudi Arabia: an observational descriptive epidemiological analysis of data from Saudi Cancer Registry 2001–2008

Ibrahim Alghamdi, Issam Hussain, Mohamed S Alghamdi … (2013)

Background This study presents descriptive epidemiological data related to breast cancer cases diagnosed from 2001 to 2008 among Saudi women, including the frequency and percentage of cases, the crude incidence rate (CIR), and the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), adjusted by the region and year of diagnosis. Methods This is a retrospective descriptive epidemiological study of all Saudi female breast cancer cases from 2001 to 2008. The statistical analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics, a linear regression model, and analysis of variance with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0. Results A total of 6,922 female breast cancer cases were recorded in the Saudi Cancer Registry from 2001 to 2008. The highest overall percentages (38.6% and 31.2%) of female breast cancer cases were documented in women who were 30–44 and 45–59 years of age, respectively. The eastern region of Saudi Arabia had the highest overall ASIR, at 26.6 per 100,000 women, followed by Riyadh at 20.5 and Makkah at 19.4. Jazan, Baha, and Asir had the lowest average ASIRs, at 4.8, 6.1, and 7.3 per 100,000 women, respectively. The region of Jouf (24.2%; CIR 11.2, ASIR 17.2) had the highest changes in CIR and ASIR from 2001 to 2008. While Qassim, Jazan, and Tabuk recorded down-trending rates with negative values. Conclusion There was a significant increase in the CIRs and ASIRs for female breast cancer between 2001 and 2008. The majority of breast cancer cases occurred among younger women. The region of Jouf had the greatest significant differences of CIR and ASIR during 2001 to 2008. Jazan, Baha, and Najran had the lowest average CIRs and ASIRs of female breast cancer, whereas the linear trend upward is a concern in certain regions, such as the eastern region, Makkah, and Riyadh. However, further analytical epidemiological research is needed to identify the potential risk factors involved in the increase in the prevalence of breast cancer among Saudi women.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Saudi Med J

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Saudi Med J

Journal ID (publisher-id): SaudiMedJ

Title: Saudi Medical Journal

Publisher: Saudi Medical Journal (Saudi Arabia )

ISSN (Print): 0379-5284

ISSN (Electronic): 1658-3175

Publication date (Print): 2014

Volume: 35

Issue: 12

Pages: 1489-1493

Affiliations

[1] From the Department of Pathology (Albasri, Hussainy, Sundkji), Taibah University, and the Department of Pathology (Alhujaily), King Fahad Hospital, Al-Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Author notes

Address correspondence and reprint request to: Dr. Akbar S. Hussainy, Department of Pathology, Taibah University, Universities Road, PO Box 344, Postal Code 30001, Al-Madinah Al Monawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Fax. +966 (14) 8484811. E-mail: akbar.hussainy@ 123456gmail.com

Article

Publisher ID: SaudiMedJ-35-1489

PMC ID: 4362177

PubMed ID: 25491214

SO-VID: 2022158e-6128-49ed-94ac-5808456f5c8e

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Histopathological features of breast cancer in Al-Madinah region of Saudi Arabia

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Most cited references 25

Age at diagnosis of breast cancer in Arab nations.

The present and the future of breast cancer burden in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

The incidence rate of female breast cancer in Saudi Arabia: an observational descriptive epidemiological analysis of data from Saudi Cancer Registry 2001–2008

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