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Abstract
Perilla oil (PerO), a natural oil with a high unsaturated fatty acid content derived
from the mature seeds of Perilla frutescens, is a homology of medicine and food. The
type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) model was successfully established using a high-fat
and high-sugar diet combined with a single low-dose of streptozocin (STZ). PerO intervention
reduced the levels of fasting blood glucose and the level, size and accumulation of
lipid droplets, increased the insulin level and diminished the body weight loss. PerO
pretreatment markedly promoted the serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and
aspartate transaminase alanine (AST) and inhibited the levels of glucose (GLU), glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase (G6PD), triglycerides (TGs) and total cholesterol (TC). Moreover, PerO
treatment enhanced the expression of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase
B (AKT) and activated the expression of glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) and phospho-AKT
serine/threonine kinase (p-AS160) in the liver. Additionally, PerO treatment distinctly
decreased the abundance of Aerococcus and facilitated the richness of Alloprevotella
in the intestine, as well as accelerated the restoration of the gut microflora diversity.
Thus, PerO regulates intestinal microbiota and alleviates insulin resistance through
the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in type-2 diabetic KKAy mice and may be a potential
functional food for diabetic treatment.