Oral signs of acute leukemia for early detection

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Abstract

Purpose

Systemic disease can manifest oral signs at an early phase, which may be crucial for the diagnosis and timing of treatment. This report describes two patients who presented with gingival enlargement as an early sign of acute leukemia.

Methods

Two patients presented with oral symptoms including severe gingival enlargement. The progress of their symptoms was associated with underlying systemic disease.

Results

The patients were transferred to the Department of Hematology and diagnosed with acute myelomonocytic leukemia. They received appropriate treatment and survived.

Conclusions

Gingival enlargement can be caused by underlying systemic diseases. Accurate diagnosis and timely referral are important for preventing a fatal situation. It must be emphasized that some oral signs and symptoms may be closely correlated with systemic diseases.

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Most cited references 32

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A World Health Organization (WHO) classification of hematopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms has recently been published. This classification was developed through the collaborative efforts of the Society for Hematopathology, the European Association of Hematopathologists, and more than 100 clinical hematologists and scientists who are internationally recognized for their expertise in hematopoietic neoplasms. For the lymphoid neoplasms, this classification provides a refinement of the entities described in the Revised European-American Lymphoma (REAL) Classification-a system that is now used worldwide. To date, however, there has been no published explanation or rationale given for the WHO classification of the myeloid neoplasms. The purpose of this communication is to outline briefly the WHO classification of malignant myeloid diseases, to draw attention to major differences between it and antecedent classification schemes, and to provide the rationale for those differences.

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Acute myeloid leukaemia.

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Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a heterogeneous clonal disorder of haemopoietic progenitor cells and the most common malignant myeloid disorder in adults. The median age at presentation for patients with AML is 70 years. In the past few years, research in molecular biology has been instrumental in deciphering the pathogenesis of the disease. Genetic defects are thought to be the most important factors in determining the response to chemotherapy and outcome. Whereas significant progress has been made in the treatment of younger adults, the prospects for elderly patients have remained dismal, with median survival times of only a few months. This difference is related to comorbidities associated with ageing and to disease biology. Current efforts in clinical research focus on the assessment of targeted therapies. Such new approaches will probably lead to an increase in the cure rate.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Periodontal Implant Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Periodontal Implant Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): JPIS

Title: Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science

Publisher: Korean Academy of Periodontology

ISSN (Print): 2093-2278

ISSN (Electronic): 2093-2286

Publication date (Print): December 2014

Publication date (Electronic): 31 December 2014

Volume: 44

Issue: 6

Pages: 293-299

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.

[2 ]Department of Applied Life Science, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.

Author notes

Correspondence: Chang-Sung Kim. Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Department of Applied Life Science, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea. dentall@ 123456yuhs.ac , Tel: +82-2-2228-3186, Fax: +82-2-392-0398

Author information

Hyun-Chang Lim http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7695-1708

Chang-Sung Kim http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3902-1071

Article

DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2014.44.6.293

PMC ID: 4284378

PubMed ID: 25568810

SO-VID: 1c9f3521-97c3-4e12-ae23-bae30c6b397d

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/).

Oral signs of acute leukemia for early detection

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Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Graphical Abstract

Related collections

Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences & Forensic Medicine (AJFSFM)

Most cited references 32

The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of the myeloid neoplasms.

Acute myeloid leukaemia.

Proposed revised criteria for the classification of acute myeloid leukemia. A report of the French-American-British Cooperative Group.

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