Reduction of Red and Processed Meat Intake and Cancer Mortality and Incidence

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Red meat consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: 3 cohorts of US adults and an updated meta-analysis.

An Lian Pan, Qi Sun, Adam M. Bernstein … (2011)

The relation between consumption of different types of red meats and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains uncertain. We evaluated the association between unprocessed and processed red meat consumption and incident T2D in US adults. We followed 37,083 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2006), 79,570 women in the Nurses' Health Study I (1980-2008), and 87,504 women in the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2005). Diet was assessed by validated food-frequency questionnaires, and data were updated every 4 y. Incident T2D was confirmed by a validated supplementary questionnaire. During 4,033,322 person-years of follow-up, we documented 13,759 incident T2D cases. After adjustment for age, BMI, and other lifestyle and dietary risk factors, both unprocessed and processed red meat intakes were positively associated with T2D risk in each cohort (all P-trend <0.001). The pooled HRs (95% CIs) for a one serving/d increase in unprocessed, processed, and total red meat consumption were 1.12 (1.08, 1.16), 1.32 (1.25, 1.40), and 1.14 (1.10, 1.18), respectively. The results were confirmed by a meta-analysis (442,101 participants and 28,228 diabetes cases): the RRs (95% CIs) were 1.19 (1.04, 1.37) and 1.51 (1.25, 1.83) for 100 g unprocessed red meat/d and for 50 g processed red meat/d, respectively. We estimated that substitutions of one serving of nuts, low-fat dairy, and whole grains per day for one serving of red meat per day were associated with a 16-35% lower risk of T2D. Our results suggest that red meat consumption, particularly processed red meat, is associated with an increased risk of T2D.

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Global, regional and national consumption of major food groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis including 266 country-specific nutrition surveys worldwide

Renata Micha, Shahab Khatibzadeh, Peilin Shi … (2015)

Objective To quantify global intakes of key foods related to non-communicable diseases in adults by region (n=21), country (n=187), age and sex, in 1990 and 2010. Design We searched and obtained individual-level intake data in 16 age/sex groups worldwide from 266 surveys across 113 countries. We combined these data with food balance sheets available in all nations and years. A hierarchical Bayesian model estimated mean food intake and associated uncertainty for each age-sex-country-year stratum, accounting for differences in intakes versus availability, survey methods and representativeness, and sampling and modelling uncertainty. Setting/population Global adult population, by age, sex, country and time. Results In 2010, global fruit intake was 81.3 g/day (95% uncertainty interval 78.9–83.7), with country-specific intakes ranging from 19.2–325.1 g/day; in only 2 countries (representing 0.4% of the world's population), mean intakes met recommended targets of ≥300 g/day. Country-specific vegetable intake ranged from 34.6–493.1 g/day (global mean=208.8 g/day); corresponding values for nuts/seeds were 0.2–152.7 g/day (8.9 g/day); for whole grains, 1.3–334.3 g/day (38.4 g/day); for seafood, 6.0–87.6 g/day (27.9 g/day); for red meats, 3.0–124.2 g/day (41.8 g/day); and for processed meats, 2.5–66.1 g/day (13.7 g/day). Mean national intakes met recommended targets in countries representing 0.4% of the global population for vegetables (≥400 g/day); 9.6% for nuts/seeds (≥4 (28.35 g) servings/week); 7.6% for whole grains (≥2.5 (50 g) servings/day); 4.4% for seafood (≥3.5 (100 g) servings/week); 20.3% for red meats (≤1 (100 g) serving/week); and 38.5% for processed meats (≤1 (50 g) serving/week). Intakes of healthful foods were generally higher and of less healthful foods generally lower at older ages. Intakes were generally similar by sex. Vegetable, seafood and processed meat intakes were stable over time; fruits, nuts/seeds and red meat, increased; and whole grains, decreased. Conclusions These global dietary data by nation, age and sex identify key challenges and opportunities for optimising diets, informing policies and priorities for improving global health.

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Association between total, processed, red and white meat consumption and all-cause, CVD and IHD mortality: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.

Itziar Abete, Dora Romaguera, Ana Rita Rodrigues Vieira … (2014)

An association between processed and red meat consumption and total mortality has been reported by epidemiological studies; however, there are many controversial reports regarding the association between meat consumption and CVD and IHD mortality. The present meta-analysis was carried out to summarise the evidence from prospective cohort studies on the association between consumption of meat (total, red, white and processed) and all-cause, CVD and IHD mortality. Cohort studies were identified by searching the PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge databases. Risk estimates for the highest v. the lowest consumption category and dose-response meta-analysis were calculated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity among the studies was also evaluated. A total of thirteen cohort studies were identified (1 674 272 individuals). Subjects in the highest category of processed meat consumption had 22 and 18 % higher risk of mortality from any cause and CVD, respectively. Red meat consumption was found to be associated with a 16 % higher risk of CVD mortality, while no association was found for total and white meat consumption. In the dose-response meta-analysis, an increase of 50 g/d in processed meat intake was found to be positively associated with all-cause and CVD mortality, while an increase of 100 g/d in red meat intake was found to be positively associated with CVD mortality. No significant associations were observed between consumption of any type of meat and IHD mortality. The results of the present meta-analysis indicate that processed meat consumption could increase the risk of mortality from any cause and CVD, while red meat consumption is positively but weakly associated with CVD mortality. These results should be interpreted with caution due to the high heterogeneity observed in most of the analyses as well as the possibility of residual confounding.

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Journal

Title: Annals of Internal Medicine

Abbreviated Title: Ann Intern Med

Publisher: American College of Physicians

ISSN (Print): 0003-4819

Publication date (Electronic): October 01 2019

Affiliations

[1 ]Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (M.A.H.)

[2 ]McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (D.Z., G.H.G., G.L., N.R., M.K.P., M.Z., J.J.B.)

[3 ]Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, and Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, the Netherlands (R.W.V.)

[4 ]Science and Technology Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (R.E.)

[5 ]Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China (Y.Z.)

[6 ]Aseer Central Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia (A.A.)

[7 ]Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland (D.S.)

[8 ]Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre Barcelona, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, and CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain (C.V., M.R.)

[9 ]University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil (L.C.L.)

[10 ]University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (D.S.)

[11 ]Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M.B.)

[12 ]McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, and Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre Barcelona, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, and CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain (P.A.)

[13 ]Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (B.C.J.)

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DOI: 10.7326/M19-0699

PubMed ID: 31569214

SO-VID: 1912e841-3456-429d-a72a-897064276fef

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Reduction of Red and Processed Meat Intake and Cancer Mortality and Incidence : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies

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Model Reduction of Parametrized Systems 2015

Most cited references 31

Red meat consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: 3 cohorts of US adults and an updated meta-analysis.

Global, regional and national consumption of major food groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis including 266 country-specific nutrition surveys worldwide

Association between total, processed, red and white meat consumption and all-cause, CVD and IHD mortality: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.

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