Preferences for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men and transgender women at risk of HIV infection: a multicentre protocol for a discrete choice experiment in Brazil

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Abstract

Introduction

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an important and well-established prevention strategy for sexual acquisition of HIV. In Brazil, transgender women (TGW) and men who have sex with men (MSM) bear the largest burden among key populations. Little is known about preferences for PrEP characteristics in these vulnerable populations in Latin America. The goal of this study is to investigate preferences of TGW and MSM with respect to PrEP characteristics, whether current user or not, and to assess any attributes and levels that may improve the decision to start using PrEP (uptake) and optimal continuity of use (adherence), which are important dimensions for PrEP success.

Methods and analysis

We hereby outline the protocol of a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to be conducted among TGW and MSM in Brazil. The study will be carried out in two phases. The first phase involves literature review and qualitative approaches including in-depth interviews to inform the development of the DCE (attributes and levels). The second phase entails the DCE survey and supporting questions pertaining to sociodemographic and risk behaviour information. The survey is aimed at current PrEP users and non-users, consisting of two modes of administration: face to face in five Brazilian capitals (Rio de Janeiro, Brasília, Manaus, Porto Alegre and Salvador) and online targeting the entire country. A D-efficient zero-prior blocked experimental design will be used to select 60 paired-profile DCE choice tasks, in which participants will be randomly assigned to one of four groups and presented with a set of 15 choice tasks. The planned sample size is 1000 volunteers.

Ethics, timeline and dissemination

The study was approved by Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa—Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas—INI/FIOCRUZ, CEP/INI, CAAE 28416220.2.1001.5262, approval number 3.979.759 in accordance with the Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa (CONEP—Brazilian National Board of Research Ethics). The study will be conducted between 2020 and 2021. The results will be disseminated to the scientific community and to the public in general through publications in published in peer-reviewed journals and in scientific conferences.

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Most cited references 42

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Conjoint analysis applications in health--a checklist: a report of the ISPOR Good Research Practices for Conjoint Analysis Task Force.

John F. P. Bridges, A. Brett Hauber, Deborah Marshall … (2011)

The application of conjoint analysis (including discrete-choice experiments and other multiattribute stated-preference methods) in health has increased rapidly over the past decade. A wider acceptance of these methods is limited by an absence of consensus-based methodological standards. The International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) Good Research Practices for Conjoint Analysis Task Force was established to identify good research practices for conjoint-analysis applications in health. The task force met regularly to identify the important steps in a conjoint analysis, to discuss good research practices for conjoint analysis, and to develop and refine the key criteria for identifying good research practices. ISPOR members contributed to this process through an extensive consultation process. A final consensus meeting was held to revise the article using these comments, and those of a number of international reviewers. Task force findings are presented as a 10-item checklist covering: 1) research question; 2) attributes and levels; 3) construction of tasks; 4) experimental design; 5) preference elicitation; 6) instrument design; 7) data-collection plan; 8) statistical analyses; 9) results and conclusions; and 10) study presentation. A primary question relating to each of the 10 items is posed, and three sub-questions examine finer issues within items. Although the checklist should not be interpreted as endorsing any specific methodological approach to conjoint analysis, it can facilitate future training activities and discussions of good research practices for the application of conjoint-analysis methods in health care studies. Copyright © 2011 International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Constructing experimental designs for discrete-choice experiments: report of the ISPOR Conjoint Analysis Experimental Design Good Research Practices Task Force.

F Reed Johnson, Emily Lancsar, Deborah Marshall … (2013)

Stated-preference methods are a class of evaluation techniques for studying the preferences of patients and other stakeholders. While these methods span a variety of techniques, conjoint-analysis methods-and particularly discrete-choice experiments (DCEs)-have become the most frequently applied approach in health care in recent years. Experimental design is an important stage in the development of such methods, but establishing a consensus on standards is hampered by lack of understanding of available techniques and software. This report builds on the previous ISPOR Conjoint Analysis Task Force Report: Conjoint Analysis Applications in Health-A Checklist: A Report of the ISPOR Good Research Practices for Conjoint Analysis Task Force. This report aims to assist researchers specifically in evaluating alternative approaches to experimental design, a difficult and important element of successful DCEs. While this report does not endorse any specific approach, it does provide a guide for choosing an approach that is appropriate for a particular study. In particular, it provides an overview of the role of experimental designs for the successful implementation of the DCE approach in health care studies, and it provides researchers with an introduction to constructing experimental designs on the basis of study objectives and the statistical model researchers have selected for the study. The report outlines the theoretical requirements for designs that identify choice-model preference parameters and summarizes and compares a number of available approaches for constructing experimental designs. The task-force leadership group met via bimonthly teleconferences and in person at ISPOR meetings in the United States and Europe. An international group of experimental-design experts was consulted during this process to discuss existing approaches for experimental design and to review the task force's draft reports. In addition, ISPOR members contributed to developing a consensus report by submitting written comments during the review process and oral comments during two forum presentations at the ISPOR 16th and 17th Annual International Meetings held in Baltimore (2011) and Washington, DC (2012). Copyright © 2013 International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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On-Demand Preexposure Prophylaxis in Men at High Risk for HIV-1 Infection.

Jean-Michel Molina, Catherine Capitant, Bruno Spire … (2015)

Antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis has been shown to reduce the risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in some studies, but conflicting results have been reported among studies, probably due to challenges of adherence to a daily regimen.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMJ Open

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMJ Open

Journal ID (hwp): bmjopen

Journal ID (publisher-id): bmjopen

Title: BMJ Open

Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group (BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR )

ISSN (Electronic): 2044-6055

Publication date Collection: 2021

Publication date (Electronic): 27 September 2021

Volume: 11

Issue: 9

Electronic Location Identifier: e049011

Affiliations

[1 ]departmentENSP - National School of Public Health , FIOCRUZ , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

[2 ]departmentInstituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas – INI/FIOCRUZ , FIOCRUZ , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

[3 ]departmentCentro Estadual Especializado em Diagnóstico, Assistência e Pesquisa (CEDAP) , Governo do Estado da Bahia , Salvador, Brazil

[4 ]departmentHospital Dia Asa Sul , Ministerio da Saude , Brasilia, Brazil

[5 ]departmentFMT , Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado , Manaus, Brazil

[6 ]departmentCentro de Testagem Aconselhamento (CTA) Santa Marta , Porto Alegre Secretaria Municipal de Saude , Porto Alegre, Brazil

[7 ]departmentDepartamento de Doenças de Condições Crônicas e Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Ministério da Saúde , Brasilia, Brazil

Author notes

[Correspondence to ] Dr Claudia Cristina de Aguiar Pereira; pereirac.claudia@ 123456gmail.com

Author information

Claudia Cristina de Aguiar Pereira http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1389-9214

Thiago Silva Torres http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2557-601X

Paula Mendes Luz http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9746-719X

Brenda Hoagland http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8210-3748

Beatriz Grinsztejn http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3692-5155

Valdilea Gonçalves Veloso http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6622-3165

Article

Publisher ID: bmjopen-2021-049011

DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049011

PMC ID: 8477321

PubMed ID: 34580095

SO-VID: 16dcce34-8b03-4d7e-8332-bddf7de68139

License:

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

History

Date received : 14 January 2021

Date accepted : 05 September 2021

Funding

Funded by: UNITAID;

Award ID: n/a

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine

Keywords: health economics,hiv & aids,public health,preventive medicine

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine

Keywords: health economics, hiv & aids, public health, preventive medicine

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Preferences for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men and transgender women at risk of HIV infection: a multicentre protocol for a discrete choice experiment in Brazil

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Abstract

Introduction

Methods and analysis

Ethics, timeline and dissemination

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Annual Reviews HIV/AIDS: Public Health and Society

Most cited references 42

Conjoint analysis applications in health--a checklist: a report of the ISPOR Good Research Practices for Conjoint Analysis Task Force.

Constructing experimental designs for discrete-choice experiments: report of the ISPOR Conjoint Analysis Experimental Design Good Research Practices Task Force.

On-Demand Preexposure Prophylaxis in Men at High Risk for HIV-1 Infection.

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Cited by 7

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