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      Graphenic Materials for Biomedical Applications

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          Abstract

          Graphene-based nanomaterials have been intensively studied for their properties, modifications, and application potential. Biomedical applications are one of the main directions of research in this field. This review summarizes the research results which were obtained in the last two years (2017–2019), especially those related to drug/gene/protein delivery systems and materials with antimicrobial properties. Due to the large number of studies in the area of carbon nanomaterials, attention here is focused only on 2D structures, i.e. graphene, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide.

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          Graphene and graphene oxide as new nanocarriers for drug delivery applications.

          Jingquan Liu, Yun-Liang Cui, Dusan Losic (2013)
          The biomedical applications of graphene-based materials, including drug delivery, have grown rapidly in the past few years. Graphene and graphene oxide have been extensively explored as some of the most promising biomaterials for biomedical applications due to their unique properties: two-dimensional planar structure, large surface area, chemical and mechanical stability, superb conductivity and good biocompatibility. These properties result in promising applications for the design of advanced drug delivery systems and delivery of a broad range of therapeutics. In this review we present an overview of recent advances in this field of research. We briefly describe current methods for the surface modification of graphene-based nanocarriers, their biocompatibility and toxicity, followed by a summary of the most appealing examples demonstrated for the delivery of anti-cancer drugs and genes. Additionally, new drug delivery concepts based on controlling mechanisms, including targeting and stimulation with pH, chemical interactions, thermal, photo- and magnetic induction, are discussed. Finally the review is summarized, with a brief conclusion of future prospects and challenges in this field.
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            A review on carbon nanotubes and graphene as fillers in reinforced polymer nanocomposites

            Garima Mittal, Vivek Dhand, Kyong Rhee … (2015)
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              Cellular toxicity of carbon-based nanomaterials.

              Arnaud Magrez, Sandor Kasas, Valérie Salicio … (2006)
              The cellular toxicity of carbon-based nanomaterials was studied as a function of their aspect ratio and surface chemistry. These structures were multiwalled carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and carbon nanoparticles. Their toxicity was tested in vitro on lung tumor cells. Our work clearly indicated that these materials are toxic while the hazardous effect is size-dependent. Moreover, cytotoxicity is enhanced when the surface of the particles is functionalized after an acid treatment.
              Article 0 comments Cited 196 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nanomaterials (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nanomaterials (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): nanomaterials
                Title: Nanomaterials
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2079-4991
                Publication date (Electronic): 11 December 2019
                Publication date Collection: December 2019
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 12
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1758
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Nanotechnology Centre, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
                [2 ]ENET Centre, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
                [3 ]Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; josef.jampilek@ 123456gmail.com
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: daniela.placha@ 123456vsb.cz
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2003-9052
                Article
                Publisher ID: nanomaterials-09-01758
                DOI: 10.3390/nano9121758
                PMC ID: 6956396
                PubMed ID: 31835693
                SO-VID: 15ad791e-ce82-4c94-8b96-3a5a00e9f7c4
                Copyright © © 2019 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 15 October 2019
                Date accepted : 07 December 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: graphene,graphene oxide,graphene-based nanomaterials,nanoformulations,drug delivery systems,biomedical applications
                Data availability:
                Keywords: graphene, graphene oxide, graphene-based nanomaterials, nanoformulations, drug delivery systems, biomedical applications

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