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      Asociación entre violencia íntima de pareja contra la mujer y desnutrición crónica entre los hijos de 5 años a menos: Análisis de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar del 2020 en Perú Translated title: Association between intimate partner violence against women and chronic malnutrition among children 5 years old or younger: Analysis of the 2020 Demographic and Family Health Survey in Peru

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          RESUMEN Introducción: La asociación entre violencia íntima de pareja contra la mujer y la desnutrición crónica en los hijos no ha sido claramente establecida. En diversos marcos conceptuales que explican la desnutrición infantil, no se considera la violencia doméstica como una determinante. Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre violencia íntima de pareja contra la mujer y la desnutrición crónica en los hijos de 5 años o menos. Material y métodos: Realizamos un estudio de fuentes secundarias basada en la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar 2020 del Perú. Estimamos la razón de momios cruda y ajustada con una regresión logística binaria que consideró como exposición a la violencia íntima de pareja y variable dependiente a la desnutrición crónica, además incluimos 16 covariables de interés seleccionadas a partir de la literatura pertinente. Resultados: Incluimos los datos de 8980 mujeres y sus respectivos hijos. La prevalencia de desnutrición crónica en los hijos de 5 años o menos fue de 10,7% (IC95%: 9,8 a 11,7). No encontramos asociación entre la desnutrición crónica en los hijos y la violencia emocional (ORa: 0,98, IC95%: 0,72 a 1,32), la física severa (ORa:1,02, IC95%: 0,62 a 1,68), y sexual (ORa: 0,94, IC95%: 0,50 a 1,77) contra las madres. Conclusiones: Estos resultados suman a la evidencia que apoya la ausencia de asociación entre los tres tipos de violencia íntima de pareja como factores de riesgo de la desnutrición crónica en los hijos de 5 años o menos y ponen de manifiesto la importancia de otras variables como el nivel educativo de la madre.

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          ABSTRACT Introduction: The association between intimate intimate partner violence against women and chronic malnutrition in children has not been clearly established. Many conceptual frameworks of child malnutrition do not considered domestic violence as a determinant. Objective: To evaluate the association between intimate intimate partner violence against women and chronic malnutrition in children under 5 years of age. Methods: We conducted a study of secondary data based on the Demographic and Family Health Survey 2020 of Peru. We estimated the odds ratio crude and adjusted with a binary logistic regression that considered as exposure to intimate intimate partner violence and dependent variable to chronic malnutrition, also we included 16 covariates of interest selected from the relevant literature. Results: We included data from 8980 women and their children. The chronic malnutrition prevalence in children under 5 months of age was 10.7% (95% CI 9.8 to 11.7). We found no association between chronic malnutrition in children and emotional violence (aOR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.72 to 1.32), severe physical violence (aOR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.62 to 1.68), and sexual (aOR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.50 to 1.77) against mothers. Conclusions: These results add to the evidence that supports the absence of association between the three types of intimate partner violence as risk factors of chronic malnutrition in children under 5 years of age and highlight the importance of other variables such as the mother's educational level.

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          Stunting, Wasting and Underweight in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

          Introduction: Child undernutrition is a major public health problem. One third of all undernourished children globally reside in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The aim of this study was to systematically review studies to determine the factors associated with stunting, wasting and underweight in SSA and contribute to the existing body of evidence needed for the formulation of effective interventions. Methods: This systematic review was conducted using the 2015 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Five computerized bibliographic databases were searched: Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Embase. The included studies were rated using eight quality-appraisal criteria derived from the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist: sample size, sampling methodology, response rate, outcome measures, statistical analyses, control for confounding, study limitation, and ethical consideration. Results: Of a total of 2810 articles retrieved from the five databases, 49 studies met our inclusion criteria. The most consistent factors associated with childhood stunting, wasting and underweight in SSA were: low mother’s education, increasing child’s age, sex of child (male), wealth index/SES (poor household), prolonged duration of breastfeeding (>12 months), low birth weight, mother’s age (<20 years), source of drinking water (unimproved), low mother’s BMI (<18.5), birth size (small), diarrhoeal episode, low father’s education and place of residence (rural). Conclusions: The factors that predispose a child to undernutrition are multisectoral. To yield a sustainable improvement in child nutrition in SSA, a holistic multi-strategy community-based approach is needed that targets the factors associated with undernutrition, thereby setting the region on the path to achieving the WHO global nutrition target by 2025.
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            Determinants of stunting, underweight and wasting among children < 5 years of age: evidence from 2012-2013 Pakistan demographic and health survey

            Background Childhood malnutrition is a critical public health concern in Pakistan. We aimed to explore factors associated with malnutrition in Pakistani children (< 5 years of age) using the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2012–2013. Methods Sample of 3071 Pakistani children aged 0–59 months from the PDHS 2012–2013, with complete anthropometric measurements were included in the study. Nutritional status was evaluated using anthropometric indices; height-for-age, weight-for-height and weight-for-age, as proxy measures of three forms of under-five malnutrition including stunting, wasting and underweight respectively. Uni- and multivariate binary logistic regressions were used to examine the association between selected maternal-socio-demographic and child level variables (such as child sex, age, size at birth, antenatal clinic visits, recent diarrheal incidence and breastfeeding status) and three proxy measures of child nutritional status. Results About 44.4% of under-five children were stunted, 29.4% were underweight and 10.7% were wasted. Children whose mothers lived in rural areas (aOR = 0.67, 95%CI 0.48–0.92), were aged ≥18 years at marriage (aOR = 0.76, 95%CI 0.59–0.99) and had visited antenatal clinic more than 3 times during pregnancy (aOR = 0.61, 95%CI 0.38–0.98) were less likely to be stunted. Mother’s low educational level (aOR = 2.55, 95%CI 1.26–5.17), short stature (aOR = 2.31, 95%CI 1.34–3.98), child’s small size at birth (aOR = 1.67, 95%CI 1.14–2.45) and mother’s BMI were significantly associated with child’s underweight status. Children whose mothers had no education were more likely to be wasted (aOR = 3.61, 95%CI 1.33–9.82). Conclusion The study suggests that most of the analysed factors that accounted for malnutrition in Pakistani children (such as mother’s age at marriage, educational level and mothers’ nutritional status) are preventable. Therefore, to reduce the burden of malnutrition interventions that can address these factors are required such as community based education and targeted nutritional interventions.
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              Domestic violence and chronic malnutrition among women and children in India.

              Domestic violence has harmful physical and psychological health correlates, but there is little evidence regarding a relation between domestic violence and malnutrition. To investigate this relation, the authors analyzed data from 69,072 women aged 15-49 years and 14,552 children aged 12-35 months in the 1998-1999 Indian National Family Health Survey. Physical domestic violence victimization was self-reported by the women. Aspects of nutritional status included in this study were anemia and underweight. Anemia was measured with a blood test for hemoglobin. Underweight was calculated from anthropometric measurements and was determined as body mass index for women, and it included stunting and wasting for children. Results indicate associations of multiple incidents of domestic violence in the previous year with anemia (odds ratio = 1.11, 95% confidence interval: 1.04, 1.18) and underweight (odds ratio = 1.21, 95% confidence interval: 1.13, 1.29) in women and a suggested relation among children. Possible mechanisms for this relation include withholding of food as a form of abuse and stress-mediated influences of domestic violence on nutritional outcomes. These findings indicate that reducing domestic violence is important not only from a moral and intrinsic perspective but also because of the instrumental health benefits likely to accrue.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rcmhnaaa
                Revista del Cuerpo Médico Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo
                Rev. Cuerpo Med. HNAAA
                Cuerpo Médico Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo (Chiclayo, , Peru )
                2225-5109
                2227-4731
                October 2022
                : 15
                : 4
                : e1396
                Affiliations
                [1] Lima Lima orgnameUniversidad de Piura orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Humana Peru
                Article
                S2227-47312022000400005 S2227-4731(22)01500400005
                10.35434/rcmhnaaa.2022.154.1396
                11ddaa23-0153-4f88-aabb-bbd8cba4ff8a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 March 2022
                : 12 December 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Peru

                Categories
                Artículo Original

                Perú,Violencia contra la Mujer,Violencia Doméstica,Child,Malnutrition,Violence Against Women,Domestic Violence,Niño,Desnutrición

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