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      Abuso Sexual Infantil, Câncer e Outras Doenças Avaliados pelo Rorschach: Revisão Sistemática Translated title: Abuso Sexual Infantil, Cáncer y Otras Enfermedades Evaluadas por el Rorschach: Revisión Sistemática Translated title: Child Sexual Abuse, Cancer, and Other Diseases Assessed by the Rorschach: Systematic Review

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          Abstract

          Resumo Algumas vivências traumáticas podem suscitar alterações autoperceptivas, afetivas e cognitivas, comuns em casos procedentes dos contextos forense e clínico, o que denota a importância de verificar a origem motivadora dessas alterações. Esta revisão de literatura buscou identificar as variáveis compartilhadas e discrepantes do método de Rorschach nas avaliações de vítimas de abuso sexual e de pacientes com câncer e enfermidades do corpo. Com base no método Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), foram encontrados 11 artigos publicados entre 2008 e 2018, dos quais quatro concernem avaliações de vítimas de abuso sexual; seis, de pacientes com doenças do corpo; e um, de paciente com câncer. As variáveis compartilhadas foram: autopercepção (MOR), relacionamento interpessoal (PER, PHR, T, AG), afeto (SumC’, SumY) e ajuste perceptivo (FQ-). Vítimas de abuso sexual diferiram em: autopercepção (An), relacionamento interpessoal (GHR), ideação (m, PTI) e alguns conteúdos traumáticos (Bl e Sx). Pacientes com câncer e doenças do corpo diferenciaram-se em: relacionamento interpessoal (CDI, FD), afeto (CF+C > FC, SumV), ideação (Mp, WSum6, ALOG, DV, DR), processamento (Zd, DQv, PSV, Dd), mediação (P, S-, X-%, Xu%) e controle (D, AdjD, es). Os resultados indicam o protagonismo do corpo, da autopercepção prejudicada e de sentimentos depressivos e de ansiedade. Em vítimas de abuso sexual, o corpo sinaliza marcas de vivências traumáticas, enquanto em pacientes com câncer e outras doenças, o corpo denuncia sentimentos de angústia e de morte. Os resultados contribuem para auxiliar nas avaliações e intervenções psicológicas dirigidas a essa população.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Algunas experiencias traumáticas pueden provocar alteraciones autoperceptivas, afectivas y cognitivas, comunes en casos originados por el contexto forense y clínico; por eso, la importancia de verificar el origen que motivó estos cambios. Esta revisión de la literatura trató de identificar las variables compartidas y discretantes del método Rorschach en las evaluaciones de las víctimas de abuso sexual y de pacientes con cáncer y enfermedades corporales. Sobre la base de Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), se encontraron 11 artículos publicados entre 2008 y 2018; de los cuales cuatro son sobre evaluaciones de víctimas de abuso sexual, seis sobre pacientes con enfermedades corporales y uno sobre paciente con cáncer. Las variables compartidas fueron: autopercepción (MOR), relación interpersonal (PER, PHR, T, AG), afecto (SumC ́, SumY) y ajuste perceptual (FQ-). Las víctimas de abuso sexual diferían en: autopercepción (An), relación interpersonal (GHR), ideación (m, PTI), y algo de contenido traumático (Sx y Bl). Los pacientes con cáncer y enfermedades corporales se diferenciaron en: relación interpersonal (CDI, FD), afecto (CF+C> FC, SumV), ideación (Mp, WSum6, ALOG, DV, DR), procesamiento (Zd, DQv, PSV y Dd), mediación (P, S-, X-% y Xu%) y control (D, AdjD, es). Los resultados indican el protagonismo del cuerpo, la autopercepción dañada y los sentimientos depresivos y de ansiedad. En las víctimas de abuso sexual, el cuerpo señala marcas de experiencias traumáticas, mientras que en los pacientes con cáncer y otras enfermedades el cuerpo denuncia sentimientos de angustia y muerte. En conclusión, los resultados contribuyen a ayudar en las evaluaciones e intervenciones psicológicas dirigidas a esta población.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Some traumatic experiences arising from the forensic and clinical context may lead to self-perceptive, affective, and cognitive alterations, indicating the importance of verifying the origin that motivated these changes. This literature review aimed to identify the shared and discrepant variables of the Rorschach method in assessing victims of sexual abuse and patients with cancer and body diseases. Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA), the review found 11 articles published between 2008 and 2018: four about victims of sexual abuse, six about patients with body diseases, and one about cancer patient. The shared variables were self-perception (MOR), interpersonal relationship (PER, PHR, T, AG), affection (SumC’, SumY), and perceptual adjustment (FQ-). Victims of sexual abuse differed in regard to self-perception (An), interpersonal relationship (GHR), ideation (M, PTI), and some traumatic content (Bl and Sx). In turn, patients with cancer and body diseases differed regarding interpersonal relationship (CDI, FD), affection (CF + C > FC, SumV), ideation (Mp, WSum6, ALOG, DV, DR), processing (Zd, DQv, PSV and Dd), mediation (P, S-, X-% and Xu%), and control (D, AdjD, es). The shared results indicate the prominence of the body, the impaired self-perception, and feelings of depression and anxiety. In victims of sexual abuse, the body signaled marks of traumatic experiences, whereas in patients with cancer and other diseases it indicates feelings of anguish and death. This study contributes to assisting in evaluations and psychological interventions aimed at this population.

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          Most cited references29

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          Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement.

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            Theoretical perspectives on the relation between catastrophizing and pain.

            The tendency to "catastrophize" during painful stimulation contributes to more intense pain experience and increased emotional distress. Catastrophizing has been broadly conceived as an exaggerated negative "mental set" brought to bear during painful experiences. Although findings have been consistent in showing a relation between catastrophizing and pain, research in this area has proceeded in the relative absence of a guiding theoretical framework. This article reviews the literature on the relation between catastrophizing and pain and examines the relative strengths and limitations of different theoretical models that could be advanced to account for the pattern of available findings. The article evaluates the explanatory power of a schema activation model, an appraisal model, an attention model, and a communal coping model of pain perception. It is suggested that catastrophizing might best be viewed from the perspective of hierarchical levels of analysis, where social factors and social goals may play a role in the development and maintenance of catastrophizing, whereas appraisal-related processes may point to the mechanisms that link catastrophizing to pain experience. Directions for future research are suggested.
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              The validity of individual Rorschach variables: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the comprehensive system.

              We systematically evaluated the peer-reviewed Rorschach validity literature for the 65 main variables in the popular Comprehensive System (CS). Across 53 meta-analyses examining variables against externally assessed criteria (e.g., observer ratings, psychiatric diagnosis), the mean validity was r = .27 (k = 770) as compared to r = .08 (k = 386) across 42 meta-analyses examining variables against introspectively assessed criteria (e.g., self-report). Using Hemphill's (2003) data-driven guidelines for interpreting the magnitude of assessment effect sizes with only externally assessed criteria, we found 13 variables had excellent support (r ≥ .33, p 50), 17 had good support (r ≥ .21, p .05), and 12 had no construct-relevant validity studies. The variables with the strongest support were largely those that assess cognitive and perceptual processes (e.g., Perceptual-Thinking Index, Synthesized Response); those with the least support tended to be very rare (e.g., Color Projection) or some of the more recently developed scales (e.g., Egocentricity Index, Isolation Index). Our findings are less positive, more nuanced, and more inclusive than those reported in the CS test manual. We discuss study limitations and the implications for research and clinical practice, including the importance of using different methods in order to improve our understanding of people.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pcp
                Psicologia: ciência e profissão
                Psicol. cienc. prof.
                Conselho Federal de Psicologia (Brasília, DF, Brazil )
                1414-9893
                2021
                : 41
                : e222038
                Affiliations
                [1] Passo Fundo Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade de Passo Fundo Brazil
                Article
                S1414-98932021000100130 S1414-9893(21)04100000130
                10.1590/1982-3703003222038
                1065ecec-973e-4c33-a473-a12d1542efb8

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                : 31 March 2019
                : 11 September 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos

                Psychic Trauma,Projective Method,Psychological Assessment,Trauma Psíquico,Método Projetivo,Avaliação Psicológica,Método Proyectivo,Evaluación Psicológica

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