Children’s sugar-sweetened beverages consumption: associations with family and home-related factors, differences within ethnic groups explored

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Abstract

Background

The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) may contribute to the development of overweight among children. The present study aimed to evaluate associations between family and home-related factors and children’s SSB consumption. We explored associations within ethnic background of the child.

Methods

Cross-sectional data from the population-based ‘Water Campaign’ study were used. Parents ( n = 644) of primary school children (6-13 years) completed a questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, family and home-related factors and child’s SSB intake. The family and home-related factors under study were: cognitive variables (e.g. parental attitude, subjective norm), environmental variables (e.g. availability of SSB, parenting practices), and habitual variables (e.g. habit strength, taste preference). Regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations between family and home-related factors and child’s SSB intake ( p < 0.05).

Results

Mean age of the children was 9.4 years (SD: 1.8) and 54.1% were girls. The child’s average SSB intake was 0.9 litres (SD: 0.6) per day. Child’s age, parents’ subjective norm, parenting practices, and parental modelling were positively associated with the child’s SSB intake. The availability of SSB at home and school and parental attitude were negatively associated with the child’s SSB intake. The associations under study differed according to the child’s ethnic background, with the explained variance of the full models ranging from 8.7% for children from Moroccan or Turkish ethnic background to 44.4% for children with Dutch ethnic background.

Conclusions

Our results provide support for interventions targeting children’s SSB intake focussing on the identified family and home-related factors, with active participation of parents. Also, the relationships between these factors and the child’s SSB intake differed for children with distinct ethnic backgrounds. Therefore, we would recommend to tailor interventions taking into account the ethnic background of the family.

Trial registration

Number NTR3400; date April 4th 2012; retrospectively registered.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4095-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Most cited references 51

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The Causal Pathways Linking Health Literacy to Health Outcomes

Michael Paasche-Orlow, Michael Wolf (2007)

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A systematic review of the validity of dietary assessment methods in children when compared with the method of doubly labeled water.

Tracy Burrows, Rebecca J. Martin, Clare Collins (2010)

Measuring dietary intake in children enables the assessment of nutritional adequacy of individuals and groups and can provide information about nutrients, including energy, food, and eating habits. The aim of this review was to determine which dietary assessment method(s) provide a valid and accurate estimate of energy intake by comparison with the gold standard measure, doubly labeled water (DLW). English-language articles published between 1973 and 2009 and available from common nutrition databases were retrieved. Studies were included if the subjects were children birth to age 18 years and used the DLW technique to validate reported energy intake by any other dietary assessment method. The review identified 15 cross-sectional studies, with a variety of comparative dietary assessment methods. These included a total of 664 children, with the majority having <30 participants. The majority of dietary assessment method validation studies indicated a degree of misreporting, with only eight studies identifying this to a significant level (P<0.05) compared to DLW estimated energy intake. Under-reporting by food records varied from 19% to 41% (n=5 studies) with over-reporting most often associated with 24-hour recalls (7% to 11%, n=4), diet history (9% to 14%, n=3), and food frequency questionnaires (2% to 59%, n=2). This review suggested that the 24-hour multiple pass recall conducted over at least a 3-day period that includes weekdays and weekend days and uses parents as proxy reporters is the most accurate method to estimate total energy intake in children aged 4 to 11 years, compared to total energy expenditure measured by DLW. Weighed food records provided the best estimate for younger children aged 0.5 to 4 years, whereas the diet history provided better estimates for adolescents aged≥16 years. Further research is needed in this area to substantiate findings and improve estimates of total energy expenditure in children and adolescents. Copyright © 2010 American Dietetic Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Is Open Access

Environmental influences on energy balance-related behaviors: A dual-process view

Stef Kremers, Gert-Jan de Bruijn, Tommy Visscher … (2006)

Background Studies on the impact of the 'obesogenic' environment have often used non-theoretical approaches. In this journal's debate and in other papers authors have argued the necessity of formulating conceptual models for differentiating the causal role of environmental influences on behavior. Discussion The present paper aims to contribute to the debate by presenting a dual-process view on the environment – behavior relationship. This view is conceptualized in the EnRG framework (Environmental Research framework for weight Gain prevention). In the framework, behavior is postulated to be the result of a simultaneous influence of conscious and unconscious processes. Environmental influences are hypothesized to influence behavior both indirectly and directly. The indirect causal mechanism reflects the mediating role of behavior-specific cognitions in the influence of the environment on behavior. A direct influence reflects the automatic, unconscious, influence of the environment on behavior. Specific personal and behavioral factors are postulated to moderate the causal path (i.e., inducing either the automatic or the cognitively mediated environment – behavior relation). In addition, the EnRG framework applies an energy balance-approach, stimulating the integrated study of determinants of diet and physical activity. Conclusion The application of a dual-process view may guide research towards causal mechanisms linking specific environmental features with energy balance-related behaviors in distinct populations. The present paper is hoped to contribute to the evolution of a paradigm that may help to disentangle the role of 'obesogenic' environmental factors.

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Author and article information

Contributors

V. M. van de Gaar: v.vandegaar@erasmusmc.nl

A. van Grieken: a.vangrieken@erasmusmc.nl

W. Jansen: w.jansen@rotterdam.nl

H. Raat: h.raat@erasmusmc.nl

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Public Health

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Public Health

Title: BMC Public Health

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1471-2458

Publication date (Electronic): 14 February 2017

Publication date PMC-release: 14 February 2017

Publication date Collection: 2017

Volume: 17

Electronic Location Identifier: 195

Affiliations

[1 ]ISNI 000000040459992X, GRID grid.5645.2, Department of Public Health, , Erasmus University Medical Centre, ; Rotterdam, The Netherlands

[2 ]Department of Social Development, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Article

Publisher ID: 4095

DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4095-0

PMC ID: 5310003

PubMed ID: 28196498

SO-VID: 0db1e5be-b6e4-4977-939e-1eb7755162f2

License:

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

History

Date received : 3 April 2016

Date accepted : 31 January 2017

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001826, ZonMw;

Award ID: 200100001 (50-50102-96-015)

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health

Keywords: sugar-sweetened beverages,child,parenting,home environment,overweight prevention,ethnic background

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health

Keywords: sugar-sweetened beverages, child, parenting, home environment, overweight prevention, ethnic background

Children’s sugar-sweetened beverages consumption: associations with family and home-related factors, differences within ethnic groups explored

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Abstract

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Conclusions

Trial registration

Electronic supplementary material

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Chinese Journal of School Health

Most cited references 51

The Causal Pathways Linking Health Literacy to Health Outcomes

A systematic review of the validity of dietary assessment methods in children when compared with the method of doubly labeled water.

Environmental influences on energy balance-related behaviors: A dual-process view

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