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      Developing future heat-resilient vegetable crops

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          Abstract

          Climate change seriously impacts global agriculture, with rising temperatures directly affecting the yield. Vegetables are an essential part of daily human consumption and thus have importance among all agricultural crops. The human population is increasing daily, so there is a need for alternative ways which can be helpful in maximizing the harvestable yield of vegetables. The increase in temperature directly affects the plants’ biochemical and molecular processes; having a significant impact on quality and yield. Breeding for climate-resilient crops with good yields takes a long time and lots of breeding efforts. However, with the advent of new omics technologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, the efficiency and efficacy of unearthing information on pathways associated with high-temperature stress resilience has improved in many of the vegetable crops. Besides omics, the use of genomics-assisted breeding and new breeding approaches such as gene editing and speed breeding allow creation of modern vegetable cultivars that are more resilient to high temperatures. Collectively, these approaches will shorten the time to create and release novel vegetable varieties to meet growing demands for productivity and quality. This review discusses the effects of heat stress on vegetables and highlights recent research with a focus on how omics and genome editing can produce temperature-resilient vegetables more efficiently and faster.

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          Most cited references114

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          Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Defense in Plants under Abiotic Stress: Revisiting the Crucial Role of a Universal Defense Regulator

          Global climate change and associated adverse abiotic stress conditions, such as drought, salinity, heavy metals, waterlogging, extreme temperatures, oxygen deprivation, etc., greatly influence plant growth and development, ultimately affecting crop yield and quality, as well as agricultural sustainability in general. Plant cells produce oxygen radicals and their derivatives, so-called reactive oxygen species (ROS), during various processes associated with abiotic stress. Moreover, the generation of ROS is a fundamental process in higher plants and employs to transmit cellular signaling information in response to the changing environmental conditions. One of the most crucial consequences of abiotic stress is the disturbance of the equilibrium between the generation of ROS and antioxidant defense systems triggering the excessive accumulation of ROS and inducing oxidative stress in plants. Notably, the equilibrium between the detoxification and generation of ROS is maintained by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems under harsh environmental stresses. Although this field of research has attracted massive interest, it largely remains unexplored, and our understanding of ROS signaling remains poorly understood. In this review, we have documented the recent advancement illustrating the harmful effects of ROS, antioxidant defense system involved in ROS detoxification under different abiotic stresses, and molecular cross-talk with other important signal molecules such as reactive nitrogen, sulfur, and carbonyl species. In addition, state-of-the-art molecular approaches of ROS-mediated improvement in plant antioxidant defense during the acclimation process against abiotic stresses have also been discussed.
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            Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality—a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies

            Abstract Background: Questions remain about the strength and shape of the dose-response relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and mortality, and the effects of specific types of fruit and vegetables. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify these associations. Methods: PubMed and Embase were searched up to 29 September 2016. Prospective studies of fruit and vegetable intake and cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality were included. Summary relative risks (RRs) were calculated using a random effects model, and the mortality burden globally was estimated; 95 studies (142 publications) were included. Results: For fruits and vegetables combined, the summary RR per 200 g/day was 0.92 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.90–0.94, I2 = 0%, n = 15] for coronary heart disease, 0.84 (95% CI: 0.76–0.92, I2 = 73%, n = 10) for stroke, 0.92 (95% CI: 0.90–0.95, I2 = 31%, n = 13) for cardiovascular disease, 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95–0.99, I2 = 49%, n = 12) for total cancer and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.87–0.93, I2 = 83%, n = 15) for all-cause mortality. Similar associations were observed for fruits and vegetables separately. Reductions in risk were observed up to 800 g/day for all outcomes except cancer (600 g/day). Inverse associations were observed between the intake of apples and pears, citrus fruits, green leafy vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, and salads and cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, and between the intake of green-yellow vegetables and cruciferous vegetables and total cancer risk. An estimated 5.6 and 7.8 million premature deaths worldwide in 2013 may be attributable to a fruit and vegetable intake below 500 and 800 g/day, respectively, if the observed associations are causal. Conclusions: Fruit and vegetable intakes were associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and all-cause mortality. These results support public health recommendations to increase fruit and vegetable intake for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and premature mortality.
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              Transcriptional Regulatory Network of Plant Heat Stress Response.

              Heat stress (HS) is becoming an increasingly significant problem for food security as global warming progresses. Recent studies have elucidated the complex transcriptional regulatory networks involved in HS. Here, we provide an overview of current knowledge regarding the transcriptional regulatory network and post-translational regulation of the transcription factors involved in the HS response. Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic regulation and small RNAs are important in heat-induced transcriptional responses and stress memory. It remains to be elucidated how plants sense and respond to HS. Several recent reports have discussed the heat sensing and signaling that activate transcriptional cascades; thus, we also highlight future directions of promoting crop tolerance to HS using these factors or other strategies for agricultural applications.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                rajeev.varshney@murdoch.edu.au
                Journal
                Funct Integr Genomics
                Funct Integr Genomics
                Functional & Integrative Genomics
                Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                1438-793X
                1438-7948
                24 January 2023
                24 January 2023
                2023
                : 23
                : 1
                : 47
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.412173.2, ISNI 0000 0001 0700 8038, Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, , Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, ; 51240 Nigde, Turkey
                [2 ]GRID grid.256111.0, ISNI 0000 0004 1760 2876, College of Agriculture, , Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), ; Fuzhou, 350002 China
                [3 ]GRID grid.418527.d, ISNI 0000 0000 9824 1056, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, , China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), ; Hangzhou, China
                [4 ]GRID grid.11173.35, ISNI 0000 0001 0670 519X, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, , University of the Punjab, ; Lahore, Pakistan
                [5 ]GRID grid.1025.6, ISNI 0000 0004 0436 6763, State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, , Murdoch University, ; Murdoch, 6150 Australia
                [6 ]Akhuwat Faisalabad Institute of Research Science and Technology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
                [7 ]GRID grid.419337.b, ISNI 0000 0000 9323 1772, Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), ; Hyderabad, India
                [8 ]GRID grid.413016.1, ISNI 0000 0004 0607 1563, Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, , University of Agriculture, ; Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
                [9 ]GRID grid.4818.5, ISNI 0000 0001 0791 5666, Plant Breeding, , Wageningen University & Research, ; Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, 15 Wageningen, The Netherlands
                [10 ]GRID grid.1012.2, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7910, The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, ; Perth, 6001 Australia
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3508-1213
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5120-2791
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8077-7324
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4569-8900
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0213-4016
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6097-4235
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4562-9131
                Article
                967
                10.1007/s10142-023-00967-8
                9873721
                36692535
                0c6d4cd0-c29f-494e-adcc-af6b4da7abcf
                © The Author(s) 2023

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 31 August 2022
                : 6 January 2023
                : 6 January 2023
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000865, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation;
                Award ID: Tropical Legumes III project: INV008442/OPP1114827
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001134, Australia-India Strategic Research Fund;
                Categories
                Review
                Custom metadata
                © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023

                Genetics
                abiotic stress,biotechnology,climate change,heat stress,gwas,genome editing,qtl mapping
                Genetics
                abiotic stress, biotechnology, climate change, heat stress, gwas, genome editing, qtl mapping

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