For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
17
views
15
references
 Top references
cited by
278
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      383
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Characterisation of nanoplastics during the degradation of polystyrene

      brief-report

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          The release of plastics into the environment has been identified as an important issue for some time. Recent publications have suggested that the degradation of plastic materials will result in the release of nano-sized plastic particles to the environment. Nanoparticle tracking analysis was applied to characterise the formation of nanoplastics during the degradation of a polystyrene (PS) disposable coffee cup lid. The results clearly show an increase in the formation of nanoplastics over time. After 56 days' exposure the concentration of nanoplastics in the PS sample was 1.26 × 10 8 particles/ml (average particles size 224 nm) compared to 0.41 × 10 8 particles/ml in the control.

          Graphical abstract

          Highlights

          • •

            Polystyrene degrades into nanoplastics.

          • •

            The formation of nanoplastic particles increase over time.

          • •

            Results suggest a continuous process of plastic surface erosion.

          Related collections

          Most cited references15

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Ingested microscopic plastic translocates to the circulatory system of the mussel, Mytilus edulis (L).

          Mark A Oakley Browne, Awantha Dissanayake, Tamara S Galloway … (2008)
          Plastics debris is accumulating in the environment and is fragmenting into smaller pieces; as it does, the potential for ingestion by animals increases. The consequences of macroplastic debris for wildlife are well documented, however the impacts of microplastic (< 1 mm) are poorly understood. The mussel, Mytilus edulis, was used to investigate ingestion, translocation, and accumulation of this debris. Initial experiments showed that upon ingestion, microplastic accumulated in the gut. Mussels were subsequently exposed to treatments containing seawater and microplastic (3.0 or 9.6 microm). After transfer to clean conditions, microplastic was tracked in the hemolymph. Particles translocated from the gut to the circulatory system within 3 days and persisted for over 48 days. Abundance of microplastic was greatest after 12 days and declined thereafter. Smaller particles were more abundant than larger particles and our data indicate as plastic fragments into smaller particles, the potential for accumulation in the tissues of an organism increases. The short-term pulse exposure used here did not result in significant biological effects. However, plastics are exceedingly durable and so further work using a wider range of organisms, polymers, and periods of exposure will be required to establish the biological consequences of this debris.
          Article 0 comments Cited 514 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Plastic resin pellets as a transport medium for toxic chemicals in the marine environment.

            Yukie Mato, Tomohiko Isobe, Hideshige Takada … (2001)
            Plastic resin pellets (small granules 0.1-0.5 centimeters in diameter) are widely distributed in the ocean all over the world. They are an industrial raw material for the plastic industry and are unintentionally released to the environment both during manufacturing and transport. They are sometimes ingested by seabirds and other marine organisms, and their adverse effects on organisms are a concern. In the present study, PCBs, DDE, and nonylphenols (NP) were detected in polypropylene (PP) resin pellets collected from four Japanese coasts. Concentrations of PCBs (4-117 ng/g), DDE (0.16-3.1 ng/g), and NP (0.13-16 microg/g) varied among the sampling sites. These concentrations were comparable to those for suspended particles and bottom sediments collected from the same area as the pellets. Field adsorption experiments using PP virgin pellets demonstrated significant and steady increase in PCBs and DDE concentrations throughout the six-day experiment, indicating that the source of PCBs and DDE is ambient seawater and that adsorption to pellet surfaces is the mechanism of enrichment. The major source of NP in the marine PP resin pellets was thought to be plastic additives and/or their degradation products. Comparison of PCBs and DDE concentrations in mari
            Article 0 comments Cited 431 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Critical Evaluation of Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) by NanoSight for the Measurement of Nanoparticles and Protein Aggregates

              Vasco Filipe, Andrea Hawe, Wim Jiskoot (2010)
              Purpose To evaluate the nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) technique, compare it with dynamic light scattering (DLS) and test its performance in characterizing drug delivery nanoparticles and protein aggregates. Methods Standard polystyrene beads of sizes ranging from 60 to 1,000 nm and physical mixtures thereof were analyzed with NTA and DLS. The influence of different ratios of particle populations was tested. Drug delivery nanoparticles and protein aggregates were analyzed by NTA and DLS. Live monitoring of heat-induced protein aggregation was performed with NTA. Results NTA was shown to accurately analyze the size distribution of monodisperse and polydisperse samples. Sample visualization and individual particle tracking are features that enable a thorough size distribution analysis. The presence of small amounts of large (1,000 nm) particles generally does not compromise the accuracy of NTA measurements, and a broad range of population ratios can easily be detected and accurately sized. NTA proved to be suitable to characterize drug delivery nanoparticles and protein aggregates, complementing DLS. Live monitoring of heat-induced protein aggregation provides information about aggregation kinetics and size of submicron aggregates. Conclusion NTA is a powerful characterization technique that complements DLS and is particularly valuable for analyzing polydisperse nanosized particles and protein aggregates.
              Article 0 comments Cited 417 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Scott Lambert
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Chemosphere
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Chemosphere
                Title: Chemosphere
                Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd
                ISSN (Print): 0045-6535
                ISSN (Electronic): 1879-1298
                Publication date PMC-release: 1 February 2016
                Publication date (Print): February 2016
                Volume: 145
                Pages: 265-268
                Affiliations
                [1]Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
                Author notes
                Article
                Publisher ID: S0045-6535(15)30409-4
                DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.078
                PMC ID: 5250697
                PubMed ID: 26688263
                SO-VID: 0c2209be-6343-4592-befb-0d077fd59e60
                Copyright © © 2015 The Authors
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 18 September 2015
                Date revision received : 17 November 2015
                Date accepted : 21 November 2015
                Categories
                Subject: Short Communication

                ScienceOpen disciplines: General environmental science
                Keywords: nanoplastics,microplastics,polystyrene,degradation,environment,nanoparticle tracking analysis
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: General environmental science
                Keywords: nanoplastics, microplastics, polystyrene, degradation, environment, nanoparticle tracking analysis

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content383

                See all similar

                Cited by276

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors480

                See all reference authors