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      Safety and efficacy of telitacicept in refractory systemic lupus erythematosus patients who failed treatment with belimumab : A case series Translated title: Sicherheit und Wirksamkeit von Telitacicept bei Patienten mit refraktärem systemischem Lupus erythematosus und Therapieversagen von Belimumab : Eine Fallserie

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          Abstract

          Objective

          This study aimed to determine the effect and safety of telitacicept, an antagonist of BLyS/APRIL-mediated B cell activation, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who failed treatment with belimumab and in whom telitacicept was administered combined with conventional therapy. A review of published reports on telitacicept for SLE was also performed.

          Methods

          A retrospective review was performed of the records of patients seen in the Department of Rheumatology at the Wuhan Hospital of Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China, with refractory SLE who had failed treatment with belimumab. The terms “systemic lupus erythematosus” and “telitacicept” were used to identify patients reported in the English medical literature.

          Results

          Identified were 14 refractory SLE patients, 3 males (21%) and 11 females (79%). The median age was 32.9 years. The median disease duration was 8.9 years. Patients in this cohort received telitacicept for an average of 34.1 weeks (17–62 weeks) and the total SLE responder index 4 (SRI-4) response rate was 78.9% ( n = 11). The mean SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score declined from 8.6 at baseline (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.87–9.28) to 4.29 at the endpoint (95% CI 3.4–5.16). All cases (100%) had hypocomplementemia at baseline, and 7 cases (50%) reported normal C3 and C4 levels at the follow-up endpoint. At the observation endpoint, the 24‑h urinary protein value of the 13 cases with proteinuria (baseline 24‑h urinary protein > 0.5 g/d) displayed a reduction, and 3 values turned negative. Although some patients had low serum total immunoglobulin (Ig) levels, subnormal IgG levels, and absolute counts of peripheral blood lymphocytes after treatment, no serious infection was reported. One case was refractory lupus hepatitis confirmed by liver pathology, and upon change to change to telitacicept treatment, liver function returned to normal.

          Conclusion

          This is the first case series in SLE patients who accepted telitacicept treatment after failed treatment with belimumab. Our case series and review of the literature show that telitacicept combined with the original standard treatment may significantly improve disease activity while reducing prednisone use. No major safety issues were seen in this group of patients. Telitacicept may be a promising drug for the treatment of refractory lupus hepatitis.

          Translated abstract

          Ziel

          Ziel der Studie war es, die Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit von Telitacicept, einem Antagonisten der BLyS/APRIL-vermittelten B‑Zell-Aktivierung, bei Patienten mit systemischem Lupus erythematosus (SLE) zu untersuchen, bei denen eine Therapie mit Belimumab versagt hatte und die Telitacicept in Kombination mit konventioneller Therapie erhalten hatten. Außerdem wurde eine Übersicht der Publikationen zu Telitacicept bei SLE erstellt.

          Methoden

          Es wurde eine retrospektive Übersicht über die Daten der Patienten mit refraktärem SLE und Therapieversagen von Belimumab aus der Abteilung für Rheumatologie des Wuhan-Hospitals für chinesische und westliche Medizin, Wuhan, China, gegeben. Die Begriffe „systemischer Lupus erythematosus“ und „Telitacicept“ wurden verwendet, um Patienten zu finden, über die in der englischsprachigen medizinischen Literatur berichtet wurde.

          Ergebnisse

          Dabei wurden 14 Patienten mit refraktärem SLE identifiziert, 3 Männer (21 %) und 11 Frauen (79 %). Das Durchschnittsalter betrug 32,9 Jahre. Die mediane Krankheitsdauer lag bei 8,9 Jahren. Die Patienten in dieser Kohorte erhielten Telitacicept für durchschnittlich 34,1 Wochen (17–62 Wochen), und die Gesamt-Responserate im SLE Responder Index 4 (SRI-4) betrug 78,9 % ( n = 11). Der durchschnittliche Wert für den Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) nahm von 8,6 zu Beginn (95 %-Konfidenzintervall [CI] 7,87–9,28) auf 4,3 am Ende der Studie ab (95 %-KI: 3,4–5,16). Bei sämtlichen Fällen (100 %) bestand eine Hypokomplementämie zu Beginn, und in 7 Fällen (50 %) wurden normale C3- und C4-Werte zum Ende des Follow-up angegeben. Zum Ende der Beobachtungsphase zeigte sich beim Proteingehalt im 24-h-Urin der 13 Fälle mit Proteinurie (Ausgangswert für Protein im 24-h-Urin > 0,5 g/Tag) eine Verminderung, und 3 Werte davon waren jetzt negativ. Obwohl einige Patienten niedrige Gesamtwerte für Immunglobulin (Ig) im Serum, subnormale IgG-Werte und absolute Lymphozytenzahlen im peripheren Blut nach Therapie aufwiesen, wurden keine ernstlichen Infektionen angegeben. In einem Fall bestand eine refraktäre Lupushepatitis, die durch die Leberpathologie bestätigt war, und beim Wechsel zur Telitaciceptbehandlung normalisierte sich die Leberfunktion wieder.

          Schlussfolgerung

          Es handelt sich hier um die erste Fallserie von SLE-Patienten, die eine Telitaciceptbehandlung nach Therapieversagen mit Belimumab akzeptierten. Die vorliegende Fallserie und Literaturübersicht zeigen, dass Telitacicept in Kombination mit der ursprünglichen Standardtherapie zu einer signifikanten Verbesserung hinsichtlich der Krankheitsaktivität bei Reduzierung des Einsatzes von Prednison führen kann. Es wurden keine wesentlichen Sicherheitsprobleme in dieser Patientengruppe beobachtet. Telitacicept ist möglicherweise ein vielversprechendes Medikament für die Behandlung der refraktären Lupushepatitis.

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          Most cited references17

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          2019 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

          To develop new classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) jointly supported by the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). This international initiative had 4 phases: 1) Evaluation of anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) as an entry criterion through systematic review and meta-regression of the literature and criteria generation through an international Delphi exercise, an early patient cohort and a patient survey. 2) Criteria reduction by Delphi and nominal group technique (NGT) exercises. 3) Criteria definition and weighting based on criterion performance and on results of a multi-criteria decision analysis. 4) Refinement of weights and threshold scores in a new derivation cohort of 1001 subjects and validation compared to previous criteria in a new validation cohort of 1270 subjects. The 2019 EULAR/ACR classification criteria for SLE include positive ANA at least once as obligatory entry criterion; followed by additive weighted criteria grouped in 7 clinical (constitutional, hematologic, neuropsychiatric, mucocutaneous, serosal, musculoskeletal, renal) and 3 immunological (antiphospholipid antibodies, complement proteins, SLE-specific antibodies) domains, and weighted from 2 to 10. Patients accumulating ≥10 points are classified. In the validation cohort, the new criteria had a sensitivity of 96.1% and specificity of 93.4%, compared to 82.8% sensitivity and 93.4% specificity of the ACR 1997 and 96.7% sensitivity and 83.7% specificity of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) 2012 criteria. These new classification criteria were developed using rigorous methodology with multidisciplinary and international input, and have excellent sensitivity and specificity. Use of ANA entry criterion, hierarchically clustered and weighted criteria reflect current thinking about SLE and provide an improved foundation for SLE research.
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            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            2019 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus

            To develop new classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) jointly supported by the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). This international initiative had four phases. (1) Evaluation of antinuclear antibody (ANA) as an entry criterion through systematic review and meta-regression of the literature and criteria generation through an international Delphi exercise, an early patient cohort and a patient survey. (2) Criteria reduction by Delphi and nominal group technique exercises. (3) Criteria definition and weighting based on criterion performance and on results of a multi-criteria decision analysis. (4) Refinement of weights and threshold scores in a new derivation cohort of 1001 subjects and validation compared with previous criteria in a new validation cohort of 1270 subjects. The 2019 EULAR/ACR classification criteria for SLE include positive ANA at least once as obligatory entry criterion; followed by additive weighted criteria grouped in seven clinical (constitutional, haematological, neuropsychiatric, mucocutaneous, serosal, musculoskeletal, renal) and three immunological (antiphospholipid antibodies, complement proteins, SLE-specific antibodies) domains, and weighted from 2 to 10. Patients accumulating ≥10 points are classified. In the validation cohort, the new criteria had a sensitivity of 96.1% and specificity of 93.4%, compared with 82.8% sensitivity and 93.4% specificity of the ACR 1997 and 96.7% sensitivity and 83.7% specificity of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics 2012 criteria. These new classification criteria were developed using rigorous methodology with multidisciplinary and international input, and have excellent sensitivity and specificity. Use of ANA entry criterion, hierarchically clustered and weighted criteria reflect current thinking about SLE and provide an improved foundation for SLE research.
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              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found
              Is Open Access

              Update οn the diagnosis and management of systemic lupus erythematosus

              Clinical heterogeneity, unpredictable course and flares are characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although SLE is—by and large—a systemic disease, occasionally it can be organ-dominant, posing diagnostic challenges. To date, diagnosis of SLE remains clinical with a few cases being negative for serologic tests. Diagnostic criteria are not available and classification criteria are often used for diagnosis, yet with significant caveats. Newer sets of criteria (European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 2019) enable earlier and more accurate classification of SLE. Several disease endotypes have been recognised over the years. There is increased recognition of milder cases at presentation, but almost half of them progress overtime to more severe disease. Approximately 70% of patients follow a relapsing-remitting course, the remaining divided equally between a prolonged remission and a persistently active disease. Treatment goals include long-term patient survival, prevention of flares and organ damage, and optimisation of health-related quality of life. For organ-threatening or life-threatening SLE, treatment usually includes an initial period of high-intensity immunosuppressive therapy to control disease activity, followed by a longer period of less intensive therapy to consolidate response and prevent relapses. Management of disease-related and treatment-related comorbidities, especially infections and atherosclerosis, is of paramount importance. New disease-modifying conventional and biologic agents—used alone, in combination or sequentially—have improved rates of achieving both short-term and long-term treatment goals, including minimisation of glucocorticoid use.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                976727692@qq.com
                Journal
                Z Rheumatol
                Z Rheumatol
                Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie
                Springer Medizin (Heidelberg )
                0340-1855
                1435-1250
                29 December 2023
                29 December 2023
                2024
                : 83
                : 5
                : 387-392
                Affiliations
                Department of Rheumatology, No.1 Hospital of Wuhan, No. 215, ( https://ror.org/021ty3131) Zhongshan Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province China
                Author notes
                [Redaktion]

                Mike Oliver Becker, Zürich

                Paula Hoff, Berlin

                Axel Hueber, Nürnberg

                Frank Moosig, Neumünster

                Article
                1461
                10.1007/s00393-023-01461-z
                11147914
                38157053
                0be1a046-0ba7-46a8-bf03-95e7197df267
                © The Author(s) 2023

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 14 October 2023
                Categories
                Kasuistiken
                Custom metadata
                © Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2024

                Rheumatology
                systemic lupus erythematosus,telitacicept,belimumab,refractory,hepatitis,systemischer lupus erythematosus,refraktär

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