Frame to Improve the Fit of N95 Filtering Face Mask Respirators

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Abstract

Objective:

Test a device that can improve upon the seal of filtering face mask respirators (FFRs).

Methods:

A 3-D prototype for a fit improvement frame (FIF) was created and quantitative fit testing was performed for FFRs with and without the FIF.

Results:

Thirty eight volunteers underwent fit testing. The overall fit pass rate was 100% for the 3M model 1860 masks, 50% for the 3M model 8511 masks, 13% for the BYD CARE model DE2322, and 7% for the Honeywell DC300N95. When using the FIF the overall passing rate increase to 87% for the DE2322 + FIF ( P < 0.01) and for the DC300N95 + FIF the passing rate increase to 73% ( P < 0.01)

Conclusion:

The FIF is effective in improving the mask fit of a common flat fold N95 masks and potentially other N95 masks.

Related collections

Most cited references 22

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Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

Zunyou Wu, Jennifer M. McGoogan (2020)

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Risk of COVID-19 among front-line health-care workers and the general community: a prospective cohort study

Long H Nguyen, David A Drew, Mark S. Graham … (2020)

Summary Background Data for front-line health-care workers and risk of COVID-19 are limited. We sought to assess risk of COVID-19 among front-line health-care workers compared with the general community and the effect of personal protective equipment (PPE) on risk. Methods We did a prospective, observational cohort study in the UK and the USA of the general community, including front-line health-care workers, using self-reported data from the COVID Symptom Study smartphone application (app) from March 24 (UK) and March 29 (USA) to April 23, 2020. Participants were voluntary users of the app and at first use provided information on demographic factors (including age, sex, race or ethnic background, height and weight, and occupation) and medical history, and subsequently reported any COVID-19 symptoms. We used Cox proportional hazards modelling to estimate multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of our primary outcome, which was a positive COVID-19 test. The COVID Symptom Study app is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04331509. Findings Among 2 035 395 community individuals and 99 795 front-line health-care workers, we recorded 5545 incident reports of a positive COVID-19 test over 34 435 272 person-days. Compared with the general community, front-line health-care workers were at increased risk for reporting a positive COVID-19 test (adjusted HR 11·61, 95% CI 10·93–12·33). To account for differences in testing frequency between front-line health-care workers and the general community and possible selection bias, an inverse probability-weighted model was used to adjust for the likelihood of receiving a COVID-19 test (adjusted HR 3·40, 95% CI 3·37–3·43). Secondary and post-hoc analyses suggested adequacy of PPE, clinical setting, and ethnic background were also important factors. Interpretation In the UK and the USA, risk of reporting a positive test for COVID-19 was increased among front-line health-care workers. Health-care systems should ensure adequate availability of PPE and develop additional strategies to protect health-care workers from COVID-19, particularly those from Black, Asian, and minority ethnic backgrounds. Additional follow-up of these observational findings is needed. Funding Zoe Global, Wellcome Trust, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, National Institutes of Health Research, UK Research and Innovation, Alzheimer's Society, National Institutes of Health, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness.

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Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice

Xian Peng, Xin Xu, Yuqing Li … (2020)

A novel β-coronavirus (2019-nCoV) caused severe and even fetal pneumonia explored in a seafood market of Wuhan city, Hubei province, China, and rapidly spread to other provinces of China and other countries. The 2019-nCoV was different from SARS-CoV, but shared the same host receptor the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The natural host of 2019-nCoV may be the bat Rhinolophus affinis as 2019-nCoV showed 96.2% of whole-genome identity to BatCoV RaTG13. The person-to-person transmission routes of 2019-nCoV included direct transmission, such as cough, sneeze, droplet inhalation transmission, and contact transmission, such as the contact with oral, nasal, and eye mucous membranes. 2019-nCoV can also be transmitted through the saliva, and the fetal–oral routes may also be a potential person-to-person transmission route. The participants in dental practice expose to tremendous risk of 2019-nCoV infection due to the face-to-face communication and the exposure to saliva, blood, and other body fluids, and the handling of sharp instruments. Dental professionals play great roles in preventing the transmission of 2019-nCoV. Here we recommend the infection control measures during dental practice to block the person-to-person transmission routes in dental clinics and hospitals.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Occup Environ Med

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Occup Environ Med

Journal ID (publisher-id): JOEM

Title: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (Hagerstown, MD )

ISSN (Print): 1076-2752

ISSN (Electronic): 1536-5948

Publication date (Print): June 2021

Publication date (Electronic): 12 April 2021

Volume: 63

Issue: 6

Pages: e362-e366

Affiliations

Department of Respiratory and Interventional Pulmonology, Keck Medical Center of the University of Southern California (Mr Stemen); Caruso Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (Dr Ge, Dr Ference); Department of Radiology (Dr Hwang); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering of the University of Southern California (Dr Hwang); Tetra Bio Distributed (Mr Qaddoumi, Dr Roden; Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine (Dr Nanda), Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.

Author notes

Address correspondence to: Elisabeth Ference, MD, MPH, USC Caruso Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, 1540 Alcazar Street Suite 204M, Los Angeles, CA 90033 ( ference@ 123456usc.edu ).

Article

Publisher ID: JOEM-21-8883 Accession ID: 00021

DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000002223

PMC ID: 8168670

PubMed ID: 33852548

SO-VID: 0a5cb05a-4c49-4eac-a12f-17c7f6f55d96

License:

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

History

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STATUS ONLINE-ONLY

Keywords: filtering face mask respirators,frame,n95,personal protective equipment,quantitative fit testing

Data availability:

Keywords: filtering face mask respirators, frame, n95, personal protective equipment, quantitative fit testing