Complete mitochondrial genome of the calanoid copepod  Eurytemora affinis  (Calanoida, Temoridae)

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Abstract

The complete mitochondrial genome was sequenced from the calanoid copepod Eurytemora affinis. The sequenced total genome size was 18,553 bp. The mitochondrial genome of E. affinis has 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNAs, and 22 tRNAs. Of 13 PCGs, ND1, ND5, and ATP6 genes had incomplete stop codons TA–, T—, and TA–, respectively. Furthermore, the stop codons of the remaining eleven PCGs were TAG or TAA while the start codon of 13 PCGs was ATG ( Cytb, ATP8, ATP6, and CO3 genes), ATT ( CO1, ND2, ND3, ND4L, ND5, and ND6 genes), and ATA ( ND1, ND4, and CO2 genes), respectively. The ratio of A + T and G + C nucleotides of 13 PCGs of E. affinis mitogenome showed 63.9% and 36.1%, respectively while those ratio of the entire sequences were 65.5% and 34.5%, respectively.

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Global phylogeography of a cryptic copepod species complex and reproductive isolation between genetically proximate "populations".

Jean C. Lee (2000)

The copepod Eurytemora affinis has a broad geographic range within the Northern Hemisphere, inhabiting coastal regions of North America, Asia, and Europe. A phylogenetic approach was used to determine levels of genetic differentiation among populations of this species, and interpopulation crosses were performed to determine reproductive compatibility. DNA sequences from two mitochondrial genes, large subunit (16S) rRNA (450 bp) and cytochrome oxidase I (COI, 652 bp), were obtained from 38 populations spanning most of the species range and from two congeneric species, E. americana and E. herdmani. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a polytomy of highly divergent clades with maximum sequence divergences of 10% in 16S rRNA and 19% in COI. A power test (difference of a proportion) revealed that amount of sequence data collected was sufficient for resolving speciation events occurring at intervals greater than 300,000 years, but insufficient for determining whether speciation events were approximately simultaneous. Geographic and genetic distances were not correlated (Mantel's test; r = 0.023, P = 0.25), suggesting that populations had not differentiated through gradual isolation by distance. At finer spatial scales, there was almost no sharing of mtDNA haplotypes among proximate populations, indicating little genetic exchange even between nearby sites. Interpopulation crosses demonstrated reproductive incompatibility among genetically distinct populations, including those that were sympatric. Most notably, two geographically distant (4000 km) but genetically proximate (0.96% 16S, 0.15% COI) populations exhibited asymmetric reproductive isolation at the F2 generation. Large genetic divergences and reproductive isolation indicate that the morphologically conservative E. affinis constitutes a sibling species complex. Reproductive isolation between genetically proximate populations underscores the importance of using multiple measures to examine patterns of speciation.

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Heterogeneity within the native range: population genetic analyses of sympatric invasive and noninvasive clades of the freshwater invading copepod Eurytemora affinis.

Gesche Winkler, Julian J Dodson, Carol Eunmi Lee (2008)

Invasive species are often composed of highly differentiated populations or sibling species distributed across their native ranges. This study analysed patterns of distribution and the evolutionary and demographic histories of populations within the native range of the copepod species complex Eurytemora affinis. Genetic structure was analysed for samples from 17 locations from both the invaded and native ranges in the St Lawrence River drainage basin, using 652 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene. This study revealed a high degree of heterogeneity in genetic structure and habitat type in the native range, as well as a bias in the sources of invasive populations. Two genetically distinct clades showed a pattern of niche partitioning within the St Lawrence basin. The noninvasive North Atlantic clade primarily occupied the central portion of the St Lawrence Middle Estuary, whereas the invasive Atlantic clade was more prevalent along the margins, in the upstream reaches of the estuary and downstream salt marshes. Habitat partitioning and genetic subdivision was also present within the Atlantic clade. The freshwater populations were genetically more proximate to the Atlantic clade populations in the estuary than to those in the salt marsh, suggesting the estuary as the source of the invasive populations. The freshwater invading populations showed evidence of a modest population bottleneck. Populations from both clades showed genetic signatures of demographic population expansions that preceded the timing of the last glacial maximum, supporting the St Lawrence as a secondary contact zone between the two clades. Additional analyses on physiological and evolutionary properties of populations in the native range, along with analysis of the selection regime within native habitats, might yield insights into the evolutionary potential to invade.

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RAPID AND REPEATED INVASIONS OF FRESH WATER BY THE COPEPOD EURYTEMORA AFFINIS.

Carol Eunmi Lee (1999)

Invasions of fresh water by marine organisms have been of great interest to evolutionary biologists and paleontologists because they typically constitute major evolutionary transitions. Recent (< 200 years) invasions of fresh water by brackish or marine species offer an opportunity to understand mechanisms underlying these events, but pathways of invasion from salt water have not been confirmed using genetic data. This study employed mitochondrial DNA sequences (652 base pairs from the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene) to reconstruct the geographic and evolutionary history of freshwater invasion by the common estuarine and saltmarsh crustacean Eurytemora affinis (Copepoda; Poppe 1880). Phylogenetic analysis of populations from North America, Europe, and Asia revealed at least eight independent invasions of fresh water from genetically distinct lineages. At least five of these freshwater invasions most likely arose independently in different river drainages, recently from saltwater sources within each river drainage. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was performed at three geographic scales (among continents, among drainages, and within drainages) to assess the hierarchical distribution of genetic variance. Results indicated that 52% of the genetic variance was explained by differences among drainages, 43% by differences among continents, but only 5% by differences within drainages, thus supporting geographic patterns of invasions inferred from the phylogeny. Physiological experiments were performed to determine whether adults and larvae from saltwater populations could tolerate freshwater conditions. Transfer to zero salinity resulted in high mortalities, but with some survival to the second generation in one population. This study provides genetic evidence and physiological support for rapid transitions from a saline life history into fresh water, with repeated invasions on a global scale.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Mitochondrial DNA B Resour

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Mitochondrial DNA B Resour

Title: Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

ISSN (Electronic): 2380-2359

Publication date (Electronic, pub): 22 July 2019

Publication date (Electronic, collection): 2019

Volume: 4

Issue: 2

Pages: 2731-2733

Affiliations

[a ]Phyzen Genomics Institute , Seongnam, South Korea;

[b ]Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, South Korea;

[c ]Research Institute of Environmental Health and Safety , Bucheon, South Korea;

[d ]CNRS, University of Lille , Lille, France;

[e ]Laboratoire d'Oceanologie et de Geosciences, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale , Wimereux, France;

[f ]Institute of Integrated Science and Technology, Nagasaki University , Nagasaki, Japan;

[g ]Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University , Nagasaki, Japan

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[*]

These authors contributed equally to this work.

CONTACT Jae-Seong Lee jslee2@ 123456skku.edu Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon16419, South Korea

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Jae-Seong Lee https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0944-5172

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Publisher ID: 1644558

DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1644558

PMC ID: 7706584

SO-VID: 08726669-9e5b-4779-b466-233ba3254a8a

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Complete mitochondrial genome of the calanoid copepod Eurytemora affinis (Calanoida, Temoridae)

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Genome Integrity

Most cited references 13

Global phylogeography of a cryptic copepod species complex and reproductive isolation between genetically proximate "populations".

Heterogeneity within the native range: population genetic analyses of sympatric invasive and noninvasive clades of the freshwater invading copepod Eurytemora affinis.

RAPID AND REPEATED INVASIONS OF FRESH WATER BY THE COPEPOD EURYTEMORA AFFINIS.

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