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      Potencial de Biomasa en América del Sur para la Producción de Bioplásticos. Una Revisión Translated title: Biomass Potential in South America for the Production of Bioplastics. A review

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          Abstract

          Resumen: La biomasa es una fuente primaria renovable que ha generado mayor interés en el mundo durante los últimos años, debido a la oportunidad de obtener productos energéticos y no energéticos similares a los que se producen de las fuentes no renovables. En este sentido, América del Sur, por su ubicación geográfica, cuenta con alto potencial de generar y adicionar valor a la biomasa; por lo que esta investigación realiza una revisión descriptiva sobre la disponibilidad y potencial de biomasa en América del Sur, con el propósito de establecer los tipos y cantidad de bioplásticos biobasados y biodegradables (BBB) que se pueden producir en esta región. En primer lugar, se realizó una descripción de la biomasa, sus características y clasificación. Posterior a esto, se recopiló información de la biomasa generada en cada país, para finalmente describir los tipos de BBB existentes en la actualidad. La investigación reveló que en la región se pueden producir 204,42 millones de toneladas (MMt) de bioplástico basado en celulosa regenerada, 4,11 MMt de bioplástico basado en almidón, 0,58 MMt de ácido poliláctico y 8,68 MMt de polihidroxibutirato. Además, la producción de BBB es una alternativa que permite minimizar la contaminación ambiental producida por los plásticos sintéticos, ya que utiliza de manera eficiente y sostenible los residuos generados por actividades agropecuarias e industriales. Finalmente, este estudio permite ampliar el estado del arte e intensificar las ventajas que tienen los países de América del Sur con respecto a la generación de empleos y desarrollo industrial en zonas rurales.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: Biomass is a primary renewable source that has generated greater interest in the world in last years, because it offers the opportunity to obtain energy and non-energy products similar to those manufactured from non-renewable sources. In this sense, South America, due to its geographical location, has high potential to generate and add value to biomass; so that this research carries out a descriptive review on the availability and potential of the biomass in South America, with the purpose of establishing the types and quantity of biobased and biodegradable bioplastics (BBB) that can be produced in this region. In the first place, a description of the biomass, its characteristics and classification was made. Subsequently, information was collected on the biomass generated in each country, to finally describe the types of BBB currently available. The research revealed that 204.42 million of tons (MMt) of bioplastic based on regenerated cellulose can be produced in the region, 4.11 MMt of starch-based bioplastic, 0.58 MMt of polylactic acid and 8.68 MMt of polyhydroxybutyrate. In addition, the production of BBB is an alternative that allows to minimize the environmental pollution produced by synthetic plastics, since it uses in an efficient and sustainable way the waste generated by agricultural and industrial activities. Finally, the study made it possible to expand the state of the art and intensify the advantages that the countries of South America have with respect to the generation of jobs and industrial development in rural areas.

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          Polyhydroxyalkanoates: an overview

          Polyhydroxyalkanoates have gained major importance due to their structural diversity and close analogy to plastics. These are gaining more and more importance world over. Different sources (natural isolates, recombinant bacteria, plants) and other methods are being investigated to exert more control over the quality, quantity and economics of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) production. Their biodegradability makes them extremely desirable substitutes for synthetic plastics. The PHB biosynthetic genes phbA, phbB and phbC are clustered and organized in one phbCAB operon. The PHB pathway is highly divergent in the bacterial genera with regard to orientation and clustering of genes involved. Inspite of this the enzymes display a high degree of sequence conservation. But how similar are the mechanisms of regulation of these divergent operons is as yet unknown. Structural studies will further improve our understanding of the mechanism of action of these enzymes and aid us in improving and selecting better candidates for increased production. Metabolic engineering thereafter promises to bring a feasible solution for the production of "green plastic".
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            The contribution of biomass in the future global energy supply: a review of 17 studies

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              Plant fibre based bio-composites: Sustainable and renewable green materials

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rpolit
                Revista Politécnica
                Rev Politéc. (Quito)
                Escuela Politécnica Nacional (Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador )
                1390-0129
                2477-8990
                January 2021
                : 48
                : 2
                : 7-20
                Affiliations
                [1] Lago Agrio orgnameInstituto Superior Tecnológico Crecermás Ecuador
                [5] Bogotá Bogotá orgnameUniversidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano orgdiv1Departamento de Ingeniería Colombia
                [4] Lago Agrio orgnameSoluciones Profesionales Biobasados e Industrialización Limpia - SOPBIAL Cía. Ltda. Ecuador
                [2] Lago Agrio Quito orgnamePontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Ecuador
                [3] Jaén Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Jaén orgdiv1Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Ambiental y de los Materiales orgdiv2Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3) Spain
                Article
                S1390-01292021000400007 S1390-0129(21)04800200007
                10.33333/rp.vol48n2.01
                07d67d24-75a1-498c-8f78-94d0b168f672

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 October 2021
                : 18 January 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 102, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO null


                plásticos biobasados y biodegradables,biomasa,bioindustrias,Bioeconomía,biobased and biodegradable plastics,biomass,bioindustries,Bioeconomy

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