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      Nurses’ Competencies in Disaster Nursing: Implications for Curriculum Development and Public Health

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          Abstract

          The purpose of this study was to explore Hong Kong nurses’ perceptions of competencies required for disaster nursing. Focus group interviews and written inquiry were adopted to solicit nurses’ perceived required competencies for disaster care. A total of 15 nurses were interviewed and 30 nurses completed the written inquiry on their perceived competencies related to disaster nursing. The International Council for Nurses’ (ICN) framework of disaster nursing competencies, consisting of four themes and ten domains, was used to tabulate the perceived competencies for disaster nursing reported by nurses. The most mentioned required competencies were related to disaster response; with the ethical and legal competencies for disaster nursing were mostly neglected by nurses in Hong Kong. With the complexity nature of disasters, special competencies are required if nurses are to deal with adverse happenings in their serving community. Nurses’ perceived disaster nursing competencies reported by nurses were grossly inadequate, demonstrating the needs to develop a comprehensive curriculum for public health. The establishment of a set of tailor-made disaster nursing core competencies for the community they served is the first step in preparing nurses to deal with disastrous situations for the health of the public.

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          A consensus-based educational framework and competency set for the discipline of disaster medicine and public health preparedness.

          J Lyznicki, Scott R. Lillibridge, Austin Schwartz … (2008)
          Various organizations and universities have developed competencies for health professionals and other emergency responders. Little effort has been devoted to the integration of these competencies across health specialties and professions. The American Medical Association Center for Public Health Preparedness and Disaster Response convened an expert working group (EWG) to review extant competencies and achieve consensus on an educational framework and competency set from which educators could devise learning objectives and curricula tailored to fit the needs of all health professionals in a disaster. The EWG conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed and non-peer reviewed published literature. In addition, after-action reports from Hurricane Katrina and relevant publications recommended by EWG members and other subject matter experts were reviewed for congruencies and gaps. Consensus was ensured through a 3-stage Delphi process. The EWG process developed a new educational framework for disaster medicine and public health preparedness based on consensus identification of 7 core learning domains, 19 core competencies, and 73 specific competencies targeted at 3 broad health personnel categories. The competencies can be applied to a wide range of health professionals who are expected to perform at different levels (informed worker/student, practitioner, leader) according to experience, professional role, level of education, or job function. Although these competencies strongly reflect lessons learned following the health system response to Hurricane Katrina, it must be understood that preparedness is a process, and that these competencies must be reviewed continually and refined over time.
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            Core competencies for disaster medicine and public health.

            Peter James, Kenneth Schor, Arthur Cooper … (2012)
            Effective preparedness, response, and recovery from disasters require a well-planned, integrated effort with experienced professionals who can apply specialized knowledge and skills in critical situations. While some professionals are trained for this, others may lack the critical knowledge and experience needed to effectively perform under stressful disaster conditions. A set of clear, concise, and precise training standards that may be used to ensure workforce competency in such situations has been developed. The competency set has been defined by a broad and diverse set of leaders in the field and like-minded professionals through a series of Web-based surveys and expert working group meetings. The results may provide a useful starting point for delineating expected competency levels of health professionals in disaster medicine and public health.
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              Disaster preparedness among Hong Kong nurses.

              Alice Yuen Loke, Alvin Lai, Raymond Fung (2008)
              This paper is a report of a survey to explore Hong Kong nurses' disaster preparedness. Increasingly frequent global disasters are posing threats to human health and life. The World Health Organization has called for countries to have detailed plans at all levels in order to be prepared for disasters that may arise. A questionnaire was distributed to convenience samples of practising Registered Nurses studying in Master's degree programmes at a Hong Kong university in 2007. Results. Of a possible 174, 164 questionnaires were returned (Response rate 94%). Almost all nurses (97.6%) considered the government health department to be the organization most involved in disastrous situations. The majority (84.8%) were aware of the existence of a protocol on disaster management at their workplace. About one-third would respond in accordance with protocol (38.4%) or rely on directions from their immediate supervisors (34.8%) if a disaster occurred. Almost all the nurses (97%) considered themselves not adequately prepared for disasters. They recognized that a protocol for disaster management (85.4%) and training and drills for disasters (both 84.1%) are useful tools. Nurses in Hong Kong are not adequately prepared for disasters, but are aware of the need for such preparation. Disaster management training should be included in the basic education of nurses.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Environ Res Public Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Environ Res Public Health
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ijerph
                Title: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Print): 1661-7827
                ISSN (Electronic): 1660-4601
                Publication date (Electronic): 20 March 2014
                Publication date (Print): March 2014
                Volume: 11
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 3289-3303
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
                [2 ]Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong; E-Mail: Oliviafung@ 123456cuhk.hk
                Author notes
                [* ] Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: hsaloke@ 123456polyu.edu.hk ; Tel.: +852-2766-6386; Fax: +852-2364-9663.
                Article
                Publisher ID: ijerph-11-03289
                DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110303289
                PMC ID: 3987035
                PubMed ID: 24658409
                SO-VID: 06be9890-a5ee-41db-b2ba-9e4af3e34cfc
                Copyright © © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
                License:

                This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                Date received : 12 February 2014
                Date revision received : 13 March 2014
                Date accepted : 14 March 2014
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health
                Keywords: competencies,disaster nursing,disaster nursing curriculum
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health
                Keywords: competencies, disaster nursing, disaster nursing curriculum

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