Erythritol: an interpretive summary of biochemical, metabolic, toxicological and clinical data

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Stimulatory effect of short-chain fatty acids on epithelial cell proliferation in the rat intestine: a possible explanation for trophic effects of fermentable fibre, gut microbes and luminal trophic factors.

J T Sakata (1987)

1. Effects of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) on epithelial proliferation of the intestine were studied in ileally fistulated rats fed on an elemental diet. 2. The stimulatory effect of daily doses of acetic, propionic and n-butyric acids (100, 20 and 60 mM respectively; pH 6.1) per fistula (3 ml, twice daily) on crypt cell production rate (CCPR) appeared within 2 d and lasted for at least 5 d. 3. The daily doses of SCFA for 14 d increased daily CCPR three to four fold. This effect was independent of the presence of gut bacteria. 4. Effects of SCFA were dose-dependent and varied among acids (butyrate greater than propionate greater than acetate). The effect was independent of low lumen pH. 5. In contrast, SCFA inhibited epithelial proliferation of isolated rat caecal tissue in vitro. 6. These results suggest that SCFA are physiological lumen trophic factors mediated by a systemic mechanism in vivo. 7. It is concluded that SCFA are involved in the trophic effects of gut microbes, ingestion of fermentable fibre, and lumen contents.

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Short chain fatty acid absorption by the human large intestine.

Jeremy N. McNeil, J. Cummings, Martin James (1978)

Short chain fatty acid absorption from the human rectum has been studied in 46 subjects attending an obesity clinic, using a dialysis bag technique. From a mixed electrolyte solution, acetate concentrations fell from 97.0 to 64.2 mmol/l, and sodium from 97.8 to 85.1 mmol/l with respective net absorption rates of 8.1 and 5.2 mumol/cm2/h. From a solution with mixed short chain fatty acids acetate concentration fell from 62.3 to 37.6 mmol/l, propionate from 20.2 to 11.5 mmol/l, and butyrate from 25.7 to 17.3 mmol/l with absorption rates of 5.2, 1.8, and 1.9 mumol/cm2/h. Lowering pH from 7.2 to 5.5, to test the possibility that absorption occurred by passive non-ionic diffusion, had no effect on absorption rates, although pH rose rapidly in the dialysis fluid. These results are comparable with rates of acetate absorption from the animal large intestine. The hypothesis that short chain fatty acids are not absorbed from the large gut and therefore contribute to faecal bulk by retaining water in the bowel lumen may need revision.

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Erythritol: a review of biological and toxicological studies.

Joseph Borzelleca, G. Flamm, W Bernt … (1996)

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Title: Food and Chemical Toxicology

Abbreviated Title: Food and Chemical Toxicology

Publisher: Elsevier BV

ISSN (Print): 02786915

Publication date Created: December 1998

Publication date (Print): December 1998

Volume: 36

Issue: 12

Pages: 1139-1174

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DOI: 10.1016/S0278-6915(98)00091-X

PubMed ID: 9862657

SO-VID: 03c8a1b0-6994-4964-a2d2-0e6566fd4591

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http://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

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Erythritol: an interpretive summary of biochemical, metabolic, toxicological and clinical data

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Journal of Biochemical and Clinical Genetics (JBCGenetics)

Most cited references 75

Stimulatory effect of short-chain fatty acids on epithelial cell proliferation in the rat intestine: a possible explanation for trophic effects of fermentable fibre, gut microbes and luminal trophic factors.

Short chain fatty acid absorption by the human large intestine.

Erythritol: a review of biological and toxicological studies.

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