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      Structural racism theory, measurement, and methods: A scoping review

      systematic-review

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Epidemiologic and public health interest in structural racism has grown dramatically, producing both increasingly sophisticated questions, methods, and findings, coupled with concerns of atheoretical and ahistorical approaches that often leave the actual production of health or disease ambiguous. This trajectory raises concerns as investigators adopt the term “structural racism” without engaging with theories and scholars with a long history in this area. This scoping review aims to build upon recent work by identifying current themes about the incorporation of structural racism into (social) epidemiologic research and practice with respect to theory, measurement, and practices and methods for trainees and public health researchers who are not already deeply grounded in this work.

          Methods

          This review uses methodological framework and includes peer-review articles written in English published between January 2000–August 2022.

          Results

          A search of Google Scholar, manual collection, and referenced lists identified a total of 235 articles; 138 met the inclusion criteria after duplicates were removed. Results were extracted by, and organized into, three broad sections: theory, construct measurement, and study practice and methods, with several themes summarized in each section.

          Discussion

          This review concludes with a summary of recommendations derived from our scoping review and a call to action echoing previous literature to resist an uncritical and superficial adoption of “structural racism” without attention to already existing scholarship and recommendations put forth by experts in the field.

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          PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation

          Adrian Aldcroft, Chantelle Garritty, Simon Lewin … (2018)
          Scoping reviews, a type of knowledge synthesis, follow a systematic approach to map evidence on a topic and identify main concepts, theories, sources, and knowledge gaps. Although more scoping reviews are being done, their methodological and reporting quality need improvement. This document presents the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist and explanation. The checklist was developed by a 24-member expert panel and 2 research leads following published guidance from the EQUATOR (Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research) Network. The final checklist contains 20 essential reporting items and 2 optional items. The authors provide a rationale and an example of good reporting for each item. The intent of the PRISMA-ScR is to help readers (including researchers, publishers, commissioners, policymakers, health care providers, guideline developers, and patients or consumers) develop a greater understanding of relevant terminology, core concepts, and key items to report for scoping reviews.
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            Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework

            Lisa O'Malley, Hilary Arksey (2005)
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              Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color

              Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw (1991)
              Article 0 comments Cited 2013 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Public Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Public Health
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Public Health
                Title: Frontiers in Public Health
                Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
                ISSN (Electronic): 2296-2565
                Publication date (Electronic): 16 February 2023
                Publication date Collection: 2023
                Volume: 11
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1069476
                Affiliations
                Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University , Atlanta, GA, United States
                Author notes

                Edited by: Jaime Madrigano, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, United States

                Reviewed by: Wilma Alvarado-Little, Independent Researcher, New York, NY, United States; Naomi Thyden, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States

                *Correspondence: Simone Wien ✉ swien@ 123456emory.edu

                This article was submitted to Life-Course Epidemiology and Social Inequalities in Health, a section of the journal Frontiers in Public Health

                Article
                DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1069476
                PMC ID: 9978828
                PubMed ID: 36875414
                SO-VID: 034bd3c3-cf04-4107-b5f9-7a0278024aae
                Copyright © Copyright © 2023 Wien, Miller and Kramer.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                Date received : 13 October 2022
                Date accepted : 30 January 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 165, Pages: 15, Words: 13821
                Funding
                Funded by: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, doi 10.13039/100000030;
                AM and MK were partially supported by a grant developing data infrastructure for measuring social determinants of health and structural racism from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Grant No. 75D30122C14198).
                Categories
                Subject: Public Health
                Subject: Systematic Review

                Keywords: structural racism,population health,scoping review,theory,measurement,methods
                Data availability:
                Keywords: structural racism, population health, scoping review, theory, measurement, methods

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