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      Evaluación del estado nutricional en población menor de 10 años de edad del municipio Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia, 2011. Tercera parte: Desnutrición aguda Translated title: Assessment of the nutritional status in population younger than 10 years-old from the municipality Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia. 2011. Third part: Acute malnutrition

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          Abstract

          Introducción: La evaluación del estado nutricional en la población pediátrica es uno de los aspectos de mayor importancia en salud pública. Por estas razones se realizó un estudio para determinar la situación nutricional en menores de 10 años en el municipio Pereira, 2011. En este artículo se presenta la tercera parte de sus resultados para desnutrición aguda. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal, con una muestra probabilística, estratificada, evaluando el indicador Peso para la Talla en niños y niñas menores de 10 años del municipio Pereira (2011). La muestra fue recogida en colegios y en hogares familiares del municipio. Los resultados son comparados con los indicadores de los estudios de 2001 y 2008, con metodologías similares. resultados: Para 2011 se aprecia una mejoría considerable en los niveles de desnutrición aguda, comparado con los resultados de 2008, con una reducción de 7,4 puntos porcentuales (de 22,8% a 15,4%) (34,2% de reducción). en los menores de 2 años, la prevalencia de desnutrición aguda fue de 22,3%, en tanto que los de 2 a 9,999 años fue de 16,43%. discusión: Los presentes resultados deben orientar al diseño de políticas públicas que impulsen el avance del desarrollo social, el mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida, así como incidir en forma directa en la disponibilidad de alimentos y la educación nutricional en el Municipio a los fines de mejorar en forma integral las condiciones nutricionales que tiene la población infantil en Pereira. Para evaluar el impacto de dichas intervenciones especialmente en desnutrición aguda, deben mantenerse estudios periódicos de este tipo de corto a mediano plazo para ver sus efectos y la tendencia en su reducción.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction: Assessment of the nutritional state in pediatric population is one of the major issues of relevance in public health. For these reasons a study was made to determinate the nutritional state in children less than 10 years-old at the municipality of Pereira, 2011. in this article the third part corresponding to acute deficit malnutrition is presented. Materials and methods: a cross nutritional survey, with a probabilistic and stratified sample was made. This used the indicator Weight for Height in children less than 10 years-old of Pereira (2011). sample was collected at schools and family homes of the municipality. Results are compared with indicators of 2001 and 2008 studies, with similar methodologies. results: For 2011 a considerable improvement in acute deficit malnutrition, compared with 2008 results was observed, with a reduction of 7.4% (from 22.8% to 15.4%). in those less than 2 years-old, prevalence was of 22.3% whilst in those 2-9.999 years-old was 16.43%. Discussion: Present results should orient the design of public policies that promote the advance in social development, improvement of life conditions as well ways to impact in the availability of food and nutritional education in the municipality in order to integrally improve the nutritional conditions of the childhood population in Pereira. in order to assess the impact of those interventions, especially in acute malnutrition, this kind of periodical studies should be done to see their effects and trends in its reduction.

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          Effect of breastfeeding promotion interventions on breastfeeding rates, with special focus on developing countries

          Background Given the recognized benefits of breastfeeding for the health of the mother and infants, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first six months of life. However, the prevalence of EBF is low globally in many of the developing and developed countries around the world. There is much interest in the effectiveness of breastfeeding promotion interventions on breastfeeding rates in early infancy. Methods A systematic literature was conducted to identify all studies that evaluated the impact of breastfeeding promotional strategies on any breastfeeding and EBF rates at 4-6 weeks and at 6 months. Data were abstracted into a standard excel sheet by two authors. Meta-analyses were performed with different sub-group analyses. The overall evidence were graded according to the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG) rules using the adapted Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria and recommendations made from developing country studies for inclusion into the Live Saved Tool (LiST) model. Results After reviewing 968 abstracts, 268 studies were selected for potential inclusion, of which 53 randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials were selected for full abstraction. Thirty two studies gave the outcome of EBF at 4-6 weeks postpartum. There was a statistically significant 43% increase in this outcome, with 89% and 20% significant increases in developing and developed countries respectively. Fifteen studies reported EBF outcomes at 6 months. There was an overall 137% increase, with a significant 6 times increase in EBF in developing countries, compared to 1.3 folds increase in developed country studies. Further sub-group analyses proved that prenatal counseling had a significant impact on breastfeeding outcomes at 4-6 weeks, while both prenatal and postnatal counseling were important for EBF at 6 months. Conclusion Breastfeeding promotion interventions increased exclusive and any breastfeeding rates at 4-6 weeks and at 6 months. A relatively greater impact of these interventions was seen in developing countries with 1.89 and 6 folds increase in EBF rates at 4-6 weeks and at 6 months respectively.
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            Mechanisms limiting body growth in mammals.

            Recent studies have begun to provide insight into a long-standing mystery in biology-why body growth in animals is rapid in early life but then progressively slows, thus imposing a limit on adult body size. This growth deceleration in mammals is caused by potent suppression of cell proliferation in multiple tissues and is driven primarily by local, rather than systemic, mechanisms. Recent evidence suggests that this progressive decline in proliferation results from a genetic program that occurs in multiple organs and involves the down-regulation of a large set of growth-promoting genes. This program does not appear to be driven simply by time, but rather depends on growth itself, suggesting that the limit on adult body size is imposed by a negative feedback loop. Different organs appear to use different types of information to precisely target their adult size. For example, skeletal and cardiac muscle growth are negatively regulated by myostatin, the concentration of which depends on muscle mass itself. Liver growth appears to be modulated by bile acid flux, a parameter that reflects organ function. In pancreas, organ size appears to be limited by the initial number of progenitor cells, suggesting a mechanism based on cell-cycle counting. Further elucidation of the fundamental mechanisms suppressing juvenile growth is likely to yield important insights into the pathophysiology of childhood growth disorders and of the unrestrained growth of cancer. In addition, improved understanding of these growth-suppressing mechanisms may someday allow their therapeutic suspension in adult tissues to facilitate tissue regeneration.
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              Enrolment and baseline characteristics in the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study.

              (2006)
              To describe the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study (MGRS) sample with regard to screening, recruitment, compliance, sample retention and baseline characteristics. A multi-country community-based study combining a longitudinal follow-up from birth to 24 mo with a cross-sectional survey of children aged 18 to 71 mo. Study subpopulations had to have socio-economic conditions favourable to growth, low mobility and > or = 20% of mothers practising breastfeeding. Individual inclusion criteria were no known environmental constraints on growth, adherence to MGRS feeding recommendations, no maternal smoking, single term birth and no significant morbidity. For the longitudinal sample, mothers and newborns were screened and enrolled at birth and visited 21 times at home until age 24 mo. About 83% of 13 741 subjects screened for the longitudinal component were ineligible and 5% refused to participate. Low socioeconomic status was the predominant reason for ineligibility in Brazil, Ghana, India and Oman, while parental refusal was the main reason for non-participation in Norway and USA. Overall, 88.5% of enrolled subjects completed the 24-mo follow-up, and 51% (888) complied with the MGRS feeding and no-smoking criteria. For the cross-sectional component, 69% of 21 510 subjects screened were excluded for similar reasons as for the longitudinal component. Although low birthweight was not an exclusion criterion, its prevalence was low (2.1% and 3.2% in the longitudinal and cross-sectional samples, respectively). Parental education was high, between 14 and 15 y of education on average. The MGRS criteria were effective in selecting healthy children with comparable affluent backgrounds across sites and similar characteristics between longitudinal and cross-sectional samples within sites.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rmri
                Revista Médica de Risaralda
                Revista médica Risaralda
                Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (Pereira )
                0122-0667
                July 2013
                : 19
                : 2
                : 131-136
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Municipio Pereira Colombia
                [2 ] Municipio Pereira Colombia
                [3 ] Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira Colombia
                Article
                S0122-06672013000200006
                033a1e38-cad7-4bba-9641-6e3225a53ff6

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0122-0667&lng=en
                Categories
                SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY

                Sociology
                Nutritional assessment,acute deficit malnutrition,epidemiology,indicators,Colombia,evaluación nutricional,desnutrición aguda,epidemiología,indicadores

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