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      Health-related and socio-demographic factors associated with frailty in the elderly: a systematic literature review Translated title: Fatores sociodemográficos e de saúde associados à fragilidade em idosos: uma revisão sistemática de literatura Translated title: Factores sociodemográficos y de salud asociados con la fragilidad en ancianos: una revisión sistemática de la literatura

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          Abstract

          Frailty is a syndrome that leads to practical harm in the lives of elders, since it is related to increased risk of dependency, falls, hospitalization, institutionalization, and death. The objective of this systematic review was to identify the socio-demographic, psycho-behavioral, health-related, nutritional, and lifestyle factors associated with frailty in the elderly. A total of 4,183 studies published from 2001 to 2013 were detected in the databases, and 182 complete articles were selected. After a comprehensive reading and application of selection criteria, 35 eligible articles remained for analysis. The main factors associated with frailty were: age, female gender, black race/color, schooling, income, cardiovascular diseases, number of comorbidities/diseases, functional incapacity, poor self-rated health, depressive symptoms, cognitive function, body mass index, smoking, and alcohol use. Knowledge of the complexity of determinants of frailty can assist the formulation of measures for prevention and early intervention, thereby contributing to better quality of life for the elderly.

          Translated abstract

          A fragilidade é uma síndrome que gera prejuízos práticos à vida do idoso, pois está relacionada à maior risco de dependência, quedas, hospitalização, institucionalização e morte. O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi identificar os fatores sociodemográficos, psicocomportamentais, de condições de saúde, estado nutricional e estilo de vida associados à fragilidade em idosos. Quatro mil cento e oitenta e três trabalhos publicados entre 2001 e 2013 foram detectados nas bases bibliográficas e selecionados 182 artigos completos. Após a leitura integral e aplicação dos critérios de seleção, restaram 35 artigos elegíveis para análise. Os principais fatores associados foram: idade, sexo feminino, raça/cor da pele preta, escolaridade, renda, doenças cardiovasculares, número de comorbidades/doenças, incapacidade funcional, autoavaliação de saúde ruim, sintomas depressivos, função cognitiva, índice de massa corporal, tabagismo e uso de álcool. O conhecimento da complexidade dos determinantes da fragilidade auxilia na formulação de ações de prevenção e intervenção precoce, garantindo maior qualidade de vida.

          Translated abstract

          La fragilidad es un síndrome que causa daño en la vida práctica de ancianos, ya que está relacionada con un mayor riesgo de dependencia, caídas, hospitalización, institucionalización y muerte. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue identificar factores sociodemográficos, psicoconductuales, de condiciones de salud, nutrición y estilo de vida asociados a fragilidad en ancianos. Se detectaron 4.183 estudios publicados entre 2001 y 2013 en las bases bibliográficas y se seleccionaron 182 artículos completos. Después de la lectura y aplicación de los criterios de selección, quedaron 35 artículos elegibles para análisis. Los principales factores asociados fueron edad, sexo femenino, raza negra, educación, ingresos, enfermedad cardiovascular, número de comorbilidades/enfermedad, incapacidad funcional, autopercepción de mala salud, síntomas depresivos, función cognitiva, índice de masa corporal, tabaquismo y consumo de alcohol. El conocimiento de la complejidad de los determinantes de fragilidad ayuda en la formulación de medidas preventivas e intervención temprana, asegurando mejor calidad de vida.

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          Most cited references132

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          Frailty: emergence and consequences in women aged 65 and older in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.

          To define frailty using simple indicators; to identify risk factors for frailty as targets for prevention; and to investigate the predictive validity of this frailty classification for death, hospitalization, hip fracture, and activity of daily living (ADL) disability. Prospective study, the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Forty U.S. clinical centers. Forty thousand six hundred fifty-seven women aged 65 to 79 at baseline. Components of frailty included self-reported muscle weakness/impaired walking, exhaustion, low physical activity, and unintended weight loss between baseline and 3 years of follow-up. Death, hip fractures, ADL disability, and hospitalizations were ascertained during an average of 5.9 years of follow-up. Baseline frailty was classified in 16.3% of participants, and incident frailty at 3-years was 14.8%. Older age, chronic conditions, smoking, and depressive symptom score were positively associated with incident frailty, whereas income, moderate alcohol use, living alone, and self-reported health were inversely associated. Being underweight, overweight, or obese all carried significantly higher risk of frailty than normal weight. Baseline frailty independently predicted risk of death (hazard ratio (HR)=1.71, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.48-1.97), hip fracture (HR=1.57, 95% CI=1.11-2.20), ADL disability (odds ratio (OR)=3.15, 95% CI=2.47-4.02), and hospitalizations (OR=1.95, 95% CI=1.72-2.22) after adjustment for demographic characteristics, health behaviors, disability, and comorbid conditions. These results support the robustness of the concept of frailty as a geriatric syndrome that predicts several poor outcomes in older women. Underweight, obesity, smoking, and depressive symptoms are strongly associated with the development of frailty and represent important targets for prevention.
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            Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype

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              Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro )
                1678-4464
                June 2014
                : 30
                : 6
                : 1143-1168
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Estadual de Campinas Brazil
                Article
                S0102-311X2014000601143
                10.1590/0102-311X00148213
                01da1862-d998-4a86-9ead-ce3ac42cb949

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0102-311X&lng=en
                Categories
                Health Policy & Services

                Public health
                Frail Elderly,Quality of Life,Risk Factors,Idoso Fragilizado,Qualidade de Vida,Fatores de Risco,Anciano Frágil,Calidad de Vida,Factores de Riesgo

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