Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review.

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Abstract

As a major virus outbreak in the 21st century, the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to unprecedented hazards to mental health globally. While psychological support is being provided to patients and healthcare workers, the general public's mental health requires significant attention as well. This systematic review aims to synthesize extant literature that reports on the effects of COVID-19 on psychological outcomes of the general population and its associated risk factors.

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Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China

Cuiyan Wang, Riyu Pan, Xiaoyang Wan … (2020)

Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern and poses a challenge to psychological resilience. Research data are needed to develop evidence-driven strategies to reduce adverse psychological impacts and psychiatric symptoms during the epidemic. The aim of this study was to survey the general public in China to better understand their levels of psychological impact, anxiety, depression, and stress during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. The data will be used for future reference. Methods: From 31 January to 2 February 2020, we conducted an online survey using snowball sampling techniques. The online survey collected information on demographic data, physical symptoms in the past 14 days, contact history with COVID-19, knowledge and concerns about COVID-19, precautionary measures against COVID-19, and additional information required with respect to COVID-19. Psychological impact was assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and mental health status was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: This study included 1210 respondents from 194 cities in China. In total, 53.8% of respondents rated the psychological impact of the outbreak as moderate or severe; 16.5% reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms; 28.8% reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms; and 8.1% reported moderate to severe stress levels. Most respondents spent 20–24 h per day at home (84.7%); were worried about their family members contracting COVID-19 (75.2%); and were satisfied with the amount of health information available (75.1%). Female gender, student status, specific physical symptoms (e.g., myalgia, dizziness, coryza), and poor self-rated health status were significantly associated with a greater psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Specific up-to-date and accurate health information (e.g., treatment, local outbreak situation) and particular precautionary measures (e.g., hand hygiene, wearing a mask) were associated with a lower psychological impact of the outbreak and lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Conclusions: During the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, more than half of the respondents rated the psychological impact as moderate-to-severe, and about one-third reported moderate-to-severe anxiety. Our findings identify factors associated with a lower level of psychological impact and better mental health status that can be used to formulate psychological interventions to improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 epidemic.

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The Socio-Economic Implications of the Coronavirus and COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review

Maria R.C. Nicola, Zaid Alsafi, Catrin Sohrabi … (2020)

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 1.4 million confirmed cases and over 83,000 deaths globally. It has also sparked fears of an impending economic crisis and recession. Social distancing, self-isolation and travel restrictions forced a decrease in the workforce across all economic sectors and caused many jobs to be lost. Schools have closed down, and the need of commodities and manufactured products has decreased. In contrast, the need for medical supplies has significantly increased. The food sector has also seen a great demand due to panic-buying and stockpiling of food products. In response to this global outbreak, we summarise the socio-economic effects of COVID-19 on individual aspects of the world economy.

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The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China

Wenjun Cao, Ziwei Fang, Guoqiang Hou … (2020)

Highlights • Methods of guiding students to effectively and appropriately regulate their emotions during public health emergencies and avoid losses caused by crisis events have become an urgent problem for colleges and universities. Therefore, we investigated and analyzed the mental health status of college students during the epidemic for the following purposes. (1) To evaluate the mental situation of college students during the epidemic; (2) to provide a theoretical basis for psychological interventions with college students; and (3) to provide a basis for the promulgation of national and governmental policies.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Affect Disord

Title: Journal of affective disorders

Publisher: Elsevier BV

ISSN (Electronic): 1573-2517

ISSN (Print): 0165-0327

Publication date (Electronic): December 01 2020

Volume: 277

Affiliations

[1 ] Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.

[2 ] Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario.

[3 ] Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore.

[4 ] Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON. Electronic address: roger.mcintyre@uhn.ca.

Article

Publisher Item ID: S0165-0327(20)32589-1

DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.001

PMC ID: 7413844

PubMed ID: 32799105

SO-VID: 712a43d0-7a3a-4ef0-857c-ab2a37c3ecbd

History

Keywords: Anxiety,COVID-19,Depression,General population,Mental health,Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

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Keywords: Anxiety, COVID-19, Depression, General population, Mental health, Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review.

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Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19

Most cited references 59

Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China

The Socio-Economic Implications of the Coronavirus and COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review

The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China

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