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      Potential Economic Benefits of Paid Sick Leave in Reducing Absenteeism Related to the Spread of Influenza-Like Illness

      research-article
      Author(s): , PhD, , PhD, , PhD
      Publication date PMC-release:
      Journal: Journal of occupational and environmental medicine

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          Abstract

          Objective

          Most U.S. employers are not required to provide paid sick leave (PSL), and there is limited information on the economic return of providing PSL. We estimated potential benefits to employers of PSL in reducing absenteeism related to the spread of influenza-like illness (ILI).

          Methods

          We used nationally representative data and a negative binomial random effects model to estimate the impact of PSL in reducing overall absence due to illness or injury. We used published data to compute the share of ILI from the total days of absence, ILI transmission rates at workplaces, wages, and other parameters.

          Results

          Providing PSL could have saved employers $0.63 to $1.88 billion in reduced ILI-related absenteeism costs per year during 2007 to 2014 in 2016 dollars.

          Conclusion

          These findings might help employers consider PSL as an investment rather than as a cost without any return.

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          Most cited references19

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          The economic impact of pandemic influenza in the United States: priorities for intervention.

          M. Meltzer, N Cox, K. Fukuda (1999)
          We estimated the possible effects of the next influenza pandemic in the United States and analyzed the economic impact of vaccine-based interventions. Using death rates, hospitalization data, and outpatient visits, we estimated 89,000 to 207,000 deaths; 314,000 to 734,000 hospitalizations; 18 to 42 million outpatient visits; and 20 to 47 million additional illnesses. Patients at high risk (15% of the population) would account for approximately 84% of all deaths. The estimated economic impact would be US$71.3 to $166.5 billion, excluding disruptions to commerce and society. At $21 per vaccinee, we project a net savings to society if persons in all age groups are vaccinated. At $62 per vaccinee and at gross attack rates of 25%, we project net losses if persons not at high risk for complications are vaccinated. Vaccinating 60% of the population would generate the highest economic returns but may not be possible within the time required for vaccine effectiveness, especially if two doses of vaccine are required.
          Article 0 comments Cited 164 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Attendance dynamics at work: the antecedents and correlates of presenteeism, absenteeism, and productivity loss.

            Gary Johns (2011)
            Presenteeism is attending work when ill. This study examined the antecedents and correlates of presenteeism, absenteeism, and productivity loss attributed to presenteeism. Predictors included work context, personal characteristics, and work experiences. Business school graduates employed in a variety of work positions (N = 444) completed a Web-based survey. Presenteeism was positively associated with task significance, task interdependence, ease of replacement, and work to family conflict and negatively associated with neuroticism, equity, job security, internal health locus of control, and the perceived legitimacy of absence. Absenteeism was positively related to task significance, perceived absence legitimacy, and family to work conflict and negatively related to task interdependence and work to family conflict. Those high on neuroticism, the unconscientious, the job-insecure, those who viewed absence as more legitimate, and those experiencing work-family conflict reported more productivity loss. Overall, the results reveal the value of a behavioral approach to presenteeism over and above a strict medical model. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved).
            Article 0 comments Cited 76 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Contextual Factors and Cost Profiles Associated with Employee Turnover

              J. Tracey, Timothy R. Hinkin (2008)
              Article 0 comments Cited 40 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-journal-id): 9504688
                Journal ID (pubmed-jr-id): 8741
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Occup Environ Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J. Occup. Environ. Med.
                Title: Journal of occupational and environmental medicine
                ISSN (Print): 1076-2752
                ISSN (Electronic): 1536-5948
                Publication date Nihms-submitted: 6 October 2017
                Publication date (Print): September 2017
                Publication date PMC-release: 01 September 2018
                Volume: 59
                Issue: 9
                Pages: 822-829
                Affiliations
                Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Office of the Director, Economics Research and Support Office, Washington, District of Columbia (Drs Asfaw, Pana-Cryan), and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Office of the Director, Washington, District of Columbia (Dr Rosa)
                Author notes
                Address correspondence to: Abay Asfaw, PhD, Economist, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Office of the Director, Economics Research and Support Office, 395 E Streets, SW, Washington, DC 20201 ( hqp0@ 123456cdc.gov )
                Article
                Accession ID: PMC5649342 Pmcid ID: PMC5649342 Pmc-uid ID: 5649342 Manuscript ID: hhspa910819
                DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001076
                PMC ID: 5649342
                PubMed ID: 28692009
                SO-VID: 6de6ac89-a554-468d-add7-7f807424ce8b
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