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      Antibacterial and anticancer activities of acetone extracts from in vitro cultured lichen-forming fungi.

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          Abstract

          Lichens that were used in traditional medicine for ages produce numerous secondary metabolites, however our knowledge about biological activities of substances secreted by separated bionts is scarce. The main objectives of this study were to isolate and find optimal conditions for the growth of mycelia from three common lichen-forming fungi, i.e. Caloplaca pusilla, Protoparmeliopsis muralis and Xanthoria parietina and to evaluate antibacterial and antiproliferative activities of their acetone extracts.

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          The significance of lichens and their metabolites.

          S Huneck (1999)
          Lichens, symbiontic organisms of fungi and algae, synthesize numerous metabolites, the "lichen substances," which comprise aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, and terpenic compounds. Lichens and their metabolites have a manifold biological activity: antiviral, antibiotic, antitumor, allergenic, plant growth inhibitory, antiherbivore, and enzyme inhibitory. Usnic acid, a very active lichen substance is used in pharmaceutical preparations. Large amounts of Pseudevernia furfuracea and Evernia prunastri are processed in the perfume industry, and some lichens are sensitive reagents for the evaluation of air pollution.
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            A review on usnic acid, an interesting natural compound

            Moreno Cocchietto, Nicola Skert, Pier Luigi Nimis … (2002)
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              Ecological and biotechnological aspects of lichens.

              Ilona Oksanen (2006)
              Lichens and the partners from three different kingdoms are both taxonomically and physiologically a very diverse group, which makes them interesting from both ecological and biotechnological points of view. A lichen is a mutual ecophysiological innovation in many extreme environments in which symbiosis seems to protect the partners. Lichen's ability to grow in harsh environments can be advantageous, resulting in important ecological niches, or disadvantageous when lichens occupy and cause biodeterioration of cultural monuments. Recently, new candidate compounds for drugs, UVB protection, and antifreeze proteins for frozen foods were discovered. Lichens were also found to have potential in bioplastic degradation and prevention of desertification. Nevertheless, there is still large potential for further industrial screening and research on lichen products. Due to improved culture techniques of isolated symbionts, increased knowledge of their secondary metabolism and improved methods for solubilizing lichen metabolites, the screening and activity tests can be implemented more easily today than in the past.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Complement Altern Med
                Title: BMC complementary and alternative medicine
                Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
                ISSN (Electronic): 1472-6882
                ISSN (Print): 1472-6882
                Publication date (Electronic): Jun 07 2017
                Volume: 17
                Issue: 1
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
                [2 ] Present address: Chair and Department of Physiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland.
                [3 ] Present address: Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
                [4 ] Present address: Department of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
                [5 ] Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland. beata.guzow@biol.ug.edu.pl.
                [6 ] Present address: Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland. beata.guzow@biol.ug.edu.pl.
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: 10.1186/s12906-017-1819-8
                DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1819-8
                PMC ID: 5463493
                PubMed ID: 28592323
                SO-VID: aadb98e2-ac74-4db0-ae76-ccf413d43295
                History

                Keywords: Antibacterial activity,Antiproliferative effect,Apoptosis,Lichen,MBC,MIC
                Data availability:
                Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Antiproliferative effect, Apoptosis, Lichen, MBC, MIC

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