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      The impact of lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic on mental and social health of children and adolescents.

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          Abstract

          During the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands, governmental regulations resulted in a lockdown for adults as well as children/adolescents. Schools were closed and contact with other people was limited. In this cross-sectional, population-based study, we aimed to investigate the mental/social health of children/adolescents during COVID-19 lockdown.

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          Using thematic analysis in psychology

          Virginia Braun, Victoria Clarke (2014)
          Article 0 comments Cited 17165 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China

            Cuiyan Wang, Riyu Pan, Xiaoyang Wan … (2020)
            Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern and poses a challenge to psychological resilience. Research data are needed to develop evidence-driven strategies to reduce adverse psychological impacts and psychiatric symptoms during the epidemic. The aim of this study was to survey the general public in China to better understand their levels of psychological impact, anxiety, depression, and stress during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. The data will be used for future reference. Methods: From 31 January to 2 February 2020, we conducted an online survey using snowball sampling techniques. The online survey collected information on demographic data, physical symptoms in the past 14 days, contact history with COVID-19, knowledge and concerns about COVID-19, precautionary measures against COVID-19, and additional information required with respect to COVID-19. Psychological impact was assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and mental health status was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: This study included 1210 respondents from 194 cities in China. In total, 53.8% of respondents rated the psychological impact of the outbreak as moderate or severe; 16.5% reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms; 28.8% reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms; and 8.1% reported moderate to severe stress levels. Most respondents spent 20–24 h per day at home (84.7%); were worried about their family members contracting COVID-19 (75.2%); and were satisfied with the amount of health information available (75.1%). Female gender, student status, specific physical symptoms (e.g., myalgia, dizziness, coryza), and poor self-rated health status were significantly associated with a greater psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Specific up-to-date and accurate health information (e.g., treatment, local outbreak situation) and particular precautionary measures (e.g., hand hygiene, wearing a mask) were associated with a lower psychological impact of the outbreak and lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Conclusions: During the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, more than half of the respondents rated the psychological impact as moderate-to-severe, and about one-third reported moderate-to-severe anxiety. Our findings identify factors associated with a lower level of psychological impact and better mental health status that can be used to formulate psychological interventions to improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 epidemic.
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              COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: systematic review of the current evidence

              Nina Vindegaard, Michael Eriksen Benros (2020)
              Highlights • COVID-19 patients displayed high levels of PTSS and increased levels of depression. • Patients with preexisting psychiatric disorders reported worsening of psychiatric symptoms. • Higher levels of psychiatric symptoms were found among health care workers. • A decrease in psychological well-being was observed in the general public. • However, well conducted large-scale studies are highly needed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Qual Life Res
                Title: Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation
                Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
                ISSN (Electronic): 1573-2649
                ISSN (Print): 0962-9343
                Publication date (Electronic): Oct 2021
                Volume: 30
                Issue: 10
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam Public Health, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, G8-136, Meibergdreef 9, Postbox 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
                [2 ] Epidemiology and Data Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
                [3 ] Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
                [4 ] Department of Public and Occupational Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
                [5 ] Department of Epidemiology, Health Promotion, and Health Care Innovation, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
                [6 ] Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam Public Health, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, G8-136, Meibergdreef 9, Postbox 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. l.haverman@amsterdamumc.nl.
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: 10.1007/s11136-021-02861-x
                DOI: 10.1007/s11136-021-02861-x
                PMC ID: 8122188
                PubMed ID: 33991278
                SO-VID: 3786bd94-a91d-4e41-a188-92cb78086154
                Copyright © © 2021. The Author(s).
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