Average rating: | Rated 4 of 5. |
Level of importance: | Rated 5 of 5. |
Level of validity: | Rated 4 of 5. |
Level of completeness: | Rated 3 of 5. |
Level of comprehensibility: | Rated 4 of 5. |
Competing interests: | None |
I congratulate the authors as this paper that attempts to summarize a vast amount of information and history. Furthermore, its content is important to contextualize the economic landscape and transitions - driven by energy transitions - needed to achieve net zero.
The paper would benefit from the inclusion of the following 3 points:
1. Global Stocktake process: There is no specific reference to the UNFCCC Global Stocktake process (GST) when you discuss the assessment of the Paris Agreeement by countries. The GST is an important process that will conclude in 2023 at COP28 - to be held for 2 years at every 5 years.
2. Global environmental social movements: The role of global environmental social movements is very important, namely the role of the private sector. I'd suggest mention of the 3 scopes used to help companies to better understand and manage their GHG emissions, and to facilitate consistent and comparable reporting. Measuring and reporting of those will accelerate energy transformations from now on. Measurement of emissions scopes 1 and 2 are already common practice by companies. However, there's added pressure for scope 3 accounting now based on the recognition of the increasing importance to engage supply chains, extraction, production, transportation and consumption to be able to achieve net zero commitments. You can read more about Scope 3 Emissions at: https://www.wri.org/update/trends-show-companies-are-ready-scope-3-reporting-us-climate-disclosure-rule
3. Global Biodiversity Framework: It would be important to mention the recently adopted Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) at the Convention on Biological Diversity COP-15 in December 2022. Recognition that climate is negatively impacting biodiversity is timely. Biodiversity and ecosystems, with nature-based solutions such as the protection of mangrove forests and coral reefs, is gaining traction in the climate discussions, also as a way to create resilience. Protecting the world's ecosystems will help safeguard the world's climate (example, the Amazon Forest).