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MEMBER of the Association of European University Presses (AEUP). Learn more at
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The Prague Spring, 1968
Bilateral Treaty on the “Temporary Presence of Soviet Forces on Czechoslovak Territory,” October 16, 1968
monograph
Publication date:
January 1 1998
Publisher:
Central European University Press
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Association of European University Presses (AEUP)
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Book Chapter
Publication date:
January 1 1998
Pages
: 533-536
DOI:
10.7829/j.ctv280b7ch.146
SO-VID:
c758a00b-1aed-4f50-9b92-dd9f344f03c9
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Book chapters
pp. i
Front Matter
pp. v
Table of Contents
pp. xv
PREFACE
pp. xvii
FOREWORD
pp. xxiii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
pp. xxv
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
pp. xxvii
CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS
pp. 1
INTRODUCTION
pp. 8
Proceedings of the 4th Czechoslovak Writers’ Congress, June 27–29, 1967, and a Follow-up Resolution by the CPCz CC Plenum, September 1967 (Excerpts)
pp. 13
Speeches by Alexander Dubček and Antonín Novotný at the CPCz CC Plenum, October 30–31, 1967
pp. 18
Remarks by Leonid Brezhnev at a Meeting of Top CPCz Officials, in Prague, December 9, 1967 (Excerpts)
pp. 20
János Kádár’s Report to the HSWP Politburo of a Telephone Conversation with Leonid Brezhnev, December 13, 1967
pp. 23
Andrei Aleksandrov-Agentov’s Memoir of the Pre-Crisis Period (Excerpt)
pp. 27
INTRODUCTION
pp. 34
Resolution of the CPCz CC Plenum, January 5, 1968, Electing Alexander Dubček as First Secretary
pp. 37
János Kádár’s Report to the HSWP Politburo on His Meetings with Alexander Dubček, January 20, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 42
Report Submitted to the CPCz CC Presidium on Alexander Dubček’s Visit to Moscow, January 29–30, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 45
“What Lies Ahead,” by Josef Smrkovský, February 9, 1968
pp. 51
Alexander Dubček’s Speech Marking the 20th Anniversary of Czechoslovakia’s “February Revolution,” February 22, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 55
Report by Czechoslovak Television Reporter on Soviet Reactions to the Events in the ČSSR, February 28, 1968
pp. 58
Observations by Czechoslovak Escort-Guides on the Views of Foreign Delegations Attending the Celebrations of the “February Revolution,” February 1968
pp. 63
Letter from Leonid Brezhnev to Alexander Dubček Inviting a ČSSR Delegation to the USSR, March 16, 1968
pp. 64
Stenographic Account of the Dresden Meeting, March 23, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 73
Alexander Dubček’s Presidium Report on the Dresden Meeting, March 25, 1968
pp. 76
Open Letter from 134 Czechoslovak Writers and Cultural Figures to the CPCz Central Committee, March 25, 1968
pp. 78
Soviet Reactions to Events in Czechoslovakia and the Dresden Meeting, as Assessed by the Italian Embassy in Moscow, April 1968
pp. 81
Dispatch from Budapest Outlining Hungarian Concerns about Events in Czechoslovakia after the Dresden Meeting, April 6, 1968
pp. 83
INTRODUCTION
pp. 92
The CPCz CC Action Program, April 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 96
Cable from Andrei Gromyko for Todor Zhivkov, János Kádár, Walter Ulbricht, and Władysław Gomułka Regarding the Internal Security Situation in Czechoslovakia, April 1968
pp. 98
Letter from Leonid Brezhnev to Alexander Dubček Expressing Concern about Events in Czechoslovakia, April 11, 1968
pp. 101
Cable from Czechoslovak Ambassador Oldřich Pavlovský on a Conversation with Soviet Deputy Foreign Minister Il’ichev, April 17, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 102
Memoir of Andrei Aleksandrov-Agentov on Internal Soviet Deliberations about Czechoslovakia (Excerpts)
pp. 103
Cable to Moscow from Soviet Ambassador to Warsaw Averki Aristov Regarding Władysław Gomułka’s Views on the Situation in Czechoslovakia, April 16, 1968
pp. 105
“Proposal for a Number of Major Political Measures to Facilitate the Process of Mutual Understanding in Relations with the USSR,” by Czechoslovak Foreign Minister Jiři Hájek, April 17, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 108
Report on Secret Discussions between the CPCz CC International Department and Egon Bahr of the West German Social Democratic Party, April 17–19, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 112
Report by ČSSR National Defense Minister Martin Dzúr on a Meeting with Marshal Yakubovskii, Commander-in-Chief of the Warsaw Pact Joint Armed Forces, April 24–25, 1968
pp. 114
Stenographic Account of the Soviet–Czechoslovak Summit Meeting in Moscow, May 4–5, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 126
Report on the Visit of Luigi Longo, Italian CP General Secretary, to Czechoslovakia, May 5–7, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 129
Minutes of the CPCz CC Presidium Meeting, May 7–8, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 132
Minutes of the Secret Meeting of the “Five” in Moscow, May 8, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 144
Cable from the Czechoslovak Ambassador to Yugoslavia, May 9, 1968, on Leonid Brezhnev’s Recent Discussions with Josip Broz Tito
pp. 145
Report by Czechoslovak Press Agency Correspondent Ján Riško from Moscow, May 12, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 147
Cable from the Soviet Ambassador in Warsaw to Soviet Prime Minister Aleksei Kosygin, May 22, 1968
pp. 148
Letter from Leonid Brezhnev to Alexander Dubček Informing Him about the Results of the Moscow Meeting of the “Five”, May 1968
pp. 150
“On the Current Situation (Some Urgent Points Regarding the USSR’s International Position),” The CPSU Politburo’s Dissemination of Briefing Materials on the Crisis to CPSU Members, May 27, 1968
pp. 152
Alexander Dubčet’s Speech to the CPCz CC Plenary Session, May 29–June 1, 1968, with Discussion by Vasil Bil’ak (Excerpts)
pp. 156
KAN’s Manifesto, May 1968
pp. 158
Letter from Leonid Brezhnev to Alexander Dubček Proposing Another Bilateral Meeting, June 11, 1968
pp. 160
“Status of the Šumava Allied Exercise,” Report to Alexander Dubček by ČSSR Defense Minister Martin Dzúr, June 17, 1968
pp. 163
Resolution and Letter to the Soviet People from the National Conference of the People’s Militia, June 19, 1968
pp. 166
“Czechoslovakia: The Dubček Pause,” U.S. Intelligence Assessment of the Crisis, June 1968
pp. 172
“On the Dissemination of the CPSU CC’s Periodic Report on the Situation in Czechoslovakia and Certain Foreign Policy Steps of the Romanian Leadership”:
pp. 177
The “Two Thousand Words” Manifesto, June 27, 1968
pp. 183
INTRODUCTION
pp. 191
Briefing on the Šumava Exercises for Alexander Dubček and Oldřich Černík by Commanders of the Czechoslovak People’s Army, July 1, 1968, with Follow-up Talks between Dubček and Marshal Yakubovskii
pp. 194
Letter of the CPSU CC Politburo to the CPCz CC Presidium, July 4, 1968
pp. 199
Report on the Šumava Exercises by Generals I. Oláh and F. Szűcs of the Hungarian People’s Army to the HSWP Politburo, July 5, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 202
General Semyon Zolotov’s Retrospective Account of the Šumava Military Exercises
pp. 206
Letter from Leonid Brezhnev to Alexander Dubček Inviting a CPCz Delegation to the Warsaw Meeting, July 6, 1968
pp. 207
Top-Secret Telegram from Ambassador Stepan Chervonenko to Moscow Regarding the CPCz CC Presidium’s Decision Not to Attend the Warsaw Meeting, July 9, 1968
pp. 210
Message from Alexander Dubček and Oldřich Černík to Leonid Brezhnev, July 14, 1968
pp. 212
Transcript of the Warsaw Meeting, July 14–15, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 234
The Warsaw Letter, July 14–15, 1968
pp. 239
Press Conference with Lt. General Václav Prchlík, July 15, 1968
pp. 243
Response by the CPCz CC Presidium to the Warsaw Letter, July 16–17, 1968
pp. 250
Speech by Leonid Brezhnev to the CPSU Central Committee on the Proceedings and Results of the Warsaw Meeting, July 17, 1968
pp. 259
Letter from Marshal Yakubovskii to Alexander Dubček on Gen. Prchlík’s News Conference, July 18, 1968
pp. 261
Transcript of Discussion between Alexander Dubček and Waldeck Rochet, July 19, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 264
Letter from the French CP to Leonid Brezhnev, July 23, 1968
pp. 265
Soviet Government Diplomatic Note to the Czechoslovak Government, July 20, 1968
pp. 268
“Problems with the Policy of Safeguarding the Internal and External Security of the State, Their Status at Present, the Basic Ways to Resolve Them,” Czechoslovakia’s Plans for Future Changes in Military and National Security Policies, July 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 277
Meeting Notes Taken by Chief of the Hungarian People’s Army General Staff Károly Csémi on Talks with Soviet Generals in Budapest to Discuss Preparations for “Operation Danube,” July 24, 1968
pp. 279
“Message from the Citizens to the CPCz CC Presidium,” July 26, 1968
pp. 281
“On the Current Security Situation,” Report by Oldřich Černík for the CPCz CC Presidium, July 27, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 284
Speeches by Leonid Brezhnev, Alexander Dubček, and Aleksei Kosygin at the Čierna nad Tisou Negotiations, July 29, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 298
Dispatches from Czechoslovak Ambassadors in Berlin, Warsaw, and Budapest on the Deployment of Forces along ČSSR Borders, July 29-August 1, 1968
pp. 300
Alexander Dubčet’s Recollections of the Crisis:
pp. 309
INTRODUCTION
pp. 316
Report by Soviet Ambassador to the GDR Pyotr Abrasimov on East Germany’s Position vis-à-vis Czechoslovakia, July 28 and August 1, 1968
pp. 317
Report by Soviet Ambassador to Bulgaria A.M. Puzanov on Bulgaria’s Position vis-à-vis Czechoslovakia; August 1, 1968
pp. 319
Polish Views of the Situation in Czechoslovakia on the Eve of the Bratislava Conference, August 2, 1968
pp. 320
Vasil Bil’ak’s Recollections of the Bratislava Conference
pp. 324
The “Letter of Invitation” from the Anti-Reformist Faction of the CPCz Leadership, August 1968
pp. 326
The Bratislava Declaration, August 3, 1968
pp. 330
Statement by the CPCz CC Presidium after the Talks at Čierna and Bratislava, August 6, 1968
pp. 331
János Kádár’s Speech at a Hungarian CC Plenum, August 7, 1968, Regarding Events since the Warsaw Meeting (Excerpts)
pp. 333
Report by Soviet Ambassador Stepan Chervonenko to the Kremlin on His Meeting with Alexander Dubček, August 7, 1968
pp. 336
Summary Report and Transcript of Telephone Conversation between Leonid Brezhnev and Alexander Dubček, August 9, 1968
pp. 339
Cables from the Czechoslovak Ambassadors in London and Washington on U.S. Reactions to the Situation in Czechoslovakia, August 10–12, 1968
pp. 341
Cables between Moscow and East Berlin Regarding the Approaching Czechoslovak–East German Meeting in Karlovy Vary, August 10–11, 1968
pp. 343
CPSU CC Politburo Message to Alexander Dubček, August 13, 1968
pp. 345
Transcript of Leonid Brezhnev’s Telephone Conversation with Alexander Dubček, August 13, 1968
pp. 357
The CPSU Politburo’s Instructions to Ambassador Chervonenko for Meetings with Czechoslovak Leaders, August 13, 1968
pp. 360
János Kádár’s Report on Soviet–Hungarian Talks at Yalta, August 12–15, 1968
pp. 363
Reports on Warsaw Pact Military Communications Exercises and Marshal Grechko’s Inspection Tours, August 9–16, 1968
pp. 366
Letter from Leonid Brezhnev to Alexander Dubček, and Dubček’s Notes, Regarding the CPCz’s Purported Failure to Carry Out Pledges Made at Čierna and Bratislava, August 16, 1968
pp. 370
Summary of Alexander Dubček’s Meeting with János Kádár at Komárno, August 17, 1968
pp. 373
General Semyon Zolotov’s Account of the Final Military Preparations for the Invasion
pp. 376
The Soviet Politburo’s Resolution on the Final Decision to Intervene in Czechoslovakia, August 17, 1968, with Attachments
pp. 384
Draft “Letter of Warning” from the CPSU CC Politburo to the CPCz CC Presidium, August 17, 1968
pp. 388
Cable Traffic between the CPSU Politburo and Ambassador Stepan Chervonenko Amending the Text and Delivery Time of the “Letter of Warning,” August 17–18, 1968
pp. 391
Ambassador Stepan Chervonenko’s Report on His Meeting with Czechoslovak President Ludvík Svoboda, August 17, 1968
pp. 395
Leonid Brezhnev’s Speech at a Meeting of the “Warsaw Five” in Moscow, August 18, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 400
Cable from Ambassador Stepan Chervonenko to the Kremlin on His Meeting with Alexander Dubček and Oldřich Černík, August 19, 1968
pp. 401
Message from the CPSU CC Politburo to Members of the CPSU CC and Other Top Party Officials Regarding the Decision to Intervene in Czechoslovakia, August 19, 1968
pp. 403
Ciphered Telegram from Andrei Gromyko to Soviet Embassies in Eastern Europe Transmitting the Joint Text of an Appeal to the Czechoslovak People’s Army, August 19, 1968
pp. 405
Cable to Ambassador Stepan Chervonenko from Moscow with a Message for President Svoboda, August 19, 1968, and Chervonenko’s Response, August 21, 1968
pp. 409
Emergency Cable from the CPSU Politburo to Soviet Ambassadors around the World, August 19–20, 1 968
pp. 410
Invasion Warning from Czechoslovak Ambassador to Hungary Jozef Púčik, August 20, 1968
pp. 411
Report by Defense Minister Dzúr, June 9, 1970, Regarding His Activities on the Night of August 20–21 , 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 414
Statement by the CPCz CC Presidium Condemning the Warsaw Pact Invasion, August 21, 1968
pp. 416
Report by a Czechoslovak State Security (StB) Official on the Arrest of Dubček and Other Members of the CPCz CC Presidium, August 21, 1968
pp. 418
The Arrest of the CPCz CC Presidium Members, as Recalled by Josef Smrkovský’s Personal Secretary H. Maxa
pp. 420
Alexander Dubčet’s Recollections of the Invasion and Its Immediate Aftermath
pp. 424
Oldřich Černík’s Recollections of the Crisis (Excerpts)
pp. 427
János Kádár’s Recollections of Events Preceding and Following the Invasion
pp. 431
The Invasion in Retrospect:
pp. 433
The Invasion in Retrospect:
pp. 437
INTRODUCTION
pp. 443
Directive from the Commanders of the Southern Group of Soviet Forces Regarding Efforts to Disarm the Czechoslovak People’s Army, August 1968
pp. 445
Minutes of the U.S. National Security Council Meeting on the Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia, August 20, 1968
pp. 449
Cable from Czechoslovak Ambassador to Washington Karel Duda, to Prague, August 21, 1968
pp. 450
Occupation Order from the Soviet Commander in Trenčín, August 21, 1968
pp. 452
Initial On-Site Report by Kirill Mazurov to the CPSU CC Politburo, August 21, 1968
pp. 453
Moscow CPSU Committee’s Assessment of Local Citizens’ Initial Reactions to the Invasion, August 21–22, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 456
Pravda Editorial Justifying the Invasion, August 22, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 460
Discussions Involving Certain Members of the CPCz CC Presidium and Secretariat, at the Soviet Embassy in Prague and the ČSSR President’s Office, August 22, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 465
Stenographic Account of Alexander Dubčet’s Talks with Leonid Brezhnev and Other Members of the CPSU CC Politburo, August 23, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 469
Minutes of Soviet–Czechoslovak Talks in the Kremlin, August 23 and 26, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 474
Minutes of the First Post-Invasion Meeting of the “Warsaw Five” in Moscow, August 24, 1968
pp. 477
The Moscow Protocol, August 26, 1968
pp. 481
Alexander Dubček’s Recollections of the Moscow Negotiations and the Moscow Protocol
pp. 484
Testimony by the Chief of the CzPA General Staff and the Head of the CzPA’s Main Political Directorate at a Meeting of the Presidium of the National Assembly, August 26, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 487
Speech by Gustáv Husák at the Extraordinary 14th Congress of the Slovak Communist Party, August 28, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 489
Josef Smrkovský’s Address to the People after His Return from Moscow, August 29, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 490
Situation Report by the U.S. State Department, August 29, 1968
pp. 492
Summary Notes of the 590th Meeting of the National Security Council, September 4, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 497
Recommendations from the CPSU CC Propaganda Department on Efforts to Establish Political Control in Czechoslovakia, September 6, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 498
CPCz Central Committee Notes on Problems Stemming from the Presence of Warsaw Pact Forces in Czechoslovakia, September 1968
pp. 502
Unofficial Enunciation of the “Brezhnev Doctrine,” September 26, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 504
Stenographic Account of the Meeting of the “Warsaw Five” in Moscow, September 27, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 513
KGB Report on the “Counterrevolutionary Underground” in Czechoslovakia, October 13, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 526
Stenographic Account of Soviet–Czechoslovak Negotiations in Moscow, October 3–4, 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 530
CIA Intelligence Information Cable, “Comments on the Growth of Disunity within Czech Leadership and Other Aspects of the Current Status of the Soviet Occupation of Czechoslovakia,” October 11, 1968
pp. 533
Bilateral Treaty on the “Temporary Presence of Soviet Forces on Czechoslovak Territory,” October 16, 1968
pp. 537
The CPCz Leadership’s Assessment of the Treaty on Soviet Troop Deployments, October 1968
pp. 547
The Soviet Politburo’s Assessment of the Lessons of Operation “Danube” and the Tasks Ahead, November 16, 1968
pp. 555
Minutes of the Soviet–Czechoslovak Negotiations in Kiev, 7–8 December 1968 (Excerpts)
pp. 561
Vasil Bil’ak’s Recollections of Preparations for the April 1969 CPCz CC Plenum, and the Removal of Alexander Dubček
pp. 564
Talks between ČSSR Defense Minister Dzúr and Soviet Defense Minister Grechko, April 1, 1969
pp. 571
Vadim Medvedev’s Account of the Legacy of the 1968 Crisis in the Age of Perestroika
pp. 576
Soviet and Warsaw Pact Apologies to Czechoslovakia, December 1989
pp. 577
MAIN ACTORS
pp. 581
SELECTED ORGANIZATIONS
pp. 583
BIBLIOGRAPHY
pp. 591
INDEX OF NAMES
pp. 597
[Illustrations]
pp. 605
Back Matter
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