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      Early Signs Indicate That COVID-19 Is Exacerbating Gender Inequality in the Labor Force

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          Abstract

          In this data visualization, the authors examine how the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis in the United States has affected labor force participation, unemployment, and work hours across gender and parental status. Using data from the Current Population Survey, the authors compare estimates between February and April 2020 to examine the period of time before the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States to the height of the first wave, when stay-at-home orders were issued across the country. The findings illustrate that women, particularly mothers, have employment disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Mothers are more likely than fathers to exit the labor force and become unemployed. Among heterosexual married couples of which both partners work in telecommuting-capable occupations, mothers have scaled back their work hours to a far greater extent than fathers. These patterns suggest that the COVID-19 crisis is already worsening existing gender inequality, with long-term implications for women’s employment.

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          COVID‐19 and the Gender Gap in Work Hours

          School and daycare closures due to the COVID‐19 pandemic have increased caregiving responsibilities for working parents. As a result, many have changed their work hours to meet these growing demands. In this study, we use panel data from the U.S. Current Population Survey to examine changes in mothers’ and fathers’ work hours from February through April, 2020, the period of time prior to the widespread COVID‐19 outbreak in the U.S. and through its first peak. Using person‐level fixed effects models, we find that mothers with young children have reduced their work hours four to five times more than fathers. Consequently, the gender gap in work hours has grown by 20 to 50 percent. These findings indicate yet another negative consequence of the COVID‐19 pandemic, highlighting the challenges it poses to women's work hours and employment.
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            Why some women call this recession a "shecession"

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              The impact of COVID-19 on gender inequality

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Socius
                Socius
                SRD
                spsrd
                Socius
                SAGE Publications (Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA )
                2378-0231
                3 August 2020
                2020
                : 6
                : 2378023120947997
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Maryland Population Research Center, College Park, MD, USA
                [2 ]University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
                [3 ]University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
                [4 ]Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
                Author notes
                [*]Liana Christin Landivar, Maryland Population Research Center, College Park, MD, USA Email: liana.c.landivar@ 123456gmail.com
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-9344
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6111-1914
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1566-4921
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9358-8151
                Article
                10.1177_2378023120947997
                10.1177/2378023120947997
                7399570
                34192138
                d79dadb7-03ef-4ddf-990a-4ad6b185c528
                © The Author(s) 2020

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

                History
                Categories
                Data Visualization
                Custom metadata
                January-December 2020
                ts1

                covid-19,gender,family,employment,work hours
                covid-19, gender, family, employment, work hours

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