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      A new age to an old site: the earliest Tupiguarani settlement in Rio de Janeiro State?

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          Abstract

          This paper presents unexpectedly early dates for a Tupiguarani settlement in Southeastern Brazil. One radiocarbon dating of 1740 ± 90 yr BP (1820-1390 cal yr BP) was already available for the Morro Grande site (Araruama, southeastern coast of Rio de Janeiro State). Two new dates, obtained from charcoal samples, are reported here. An age of 2920 ± 70 yr BP (3220-2790 cal yr BP) was obtained from a specialized hearth, probably used for cooking ceramics; a funerary hearth at the same archaeological locus was dated at 2600 ± 160 yr BP (3000-2150 cal yr BP). Both measurements were made independently, indifferent laboratories, arguing for their validity. These results considerably age the arrival time of Tupiguarani populations to the coastal region of Southeastern Brazil. They may have important implications to the hypotheses about the origin and dispersion of these populations from Amazonia, supporting the claim of recent authors who consider that their expansion must have begun well before 2000 yrs BP.

          Translated abstract

          Este artigo apresenta datações inesperadamente antigas para umassentamento Tupiguarani no sudeste do Brasil. Uma datação radiocarbono de 1740 ± 90 anos AP (1820-1390 cal anos AP) já existia para o sítio de Morro Grande, situado no município de Araruama, na costa sudeste do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Duas novas datações, obtidas de amostras de carvão, são apresentadas neste trabalho. A data de 2920 ± 70 anos AP (3220-2790 cal anos AP) foi obtida a partir de uma fogueira de uso específico, provavelmente destinada a queimar cerâmica; uma outra provém de uma fogueira funerária do mesmo setor arqueológico, datada em 2600 ± 160 anos AP (3000-2150 cal anos AP). As duas medidas foram feitas independentemente, em laboratórios diferentes, o que reforça sua validade. Estas datações mostram que o momento de chegada de populações Tupiguarani à costa brasileira ocorreu muito antes do que se imaginava. Elas podem ter importantes implicações para as hipóteses sobre a origem e a dispersão dessas populaçõesa partir da Amazônia, corroborando a hipótese de autores recentes que consideram que a expansão Tupi deve ter começado bem antes de 2000 anos AP.

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          Radiocarbon Calibration and Analysis of Stratigraphy: The OxCal Program

          People usually study the chronologies of archaeological sites and geological sequences using many different kinds of evidence, taking into account calibrated radiocarbon dates, other dating methods and stratigraphic information. Many individual case studies demonstrate the value of using statistical methods to combine these different types of information. I have developed a computer program, OxCal, running under Windows 3.1 (for IBM PCs), that will perform both 14C calibration and calculate what extra information can be gained from stratigraphic evidence. The program can perform automatic wiggle matches and calculate probability distributions for samples in sequences and phases. The program is written in C++ and uses Bayesian statistics and Gibbs sampling for the calculations. The program is very easy to use, both for simple calibration and complex site analysis, and will produce graphical output from virtually any printer.
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            Arqueologia Brasileira

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              The upper Amazon

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                aabc
                Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
                An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.
                Academia Brasileira de Ciências (Rio de Janeiro )
                1678-2690
                December 2008
                : 80
                : 4
                : 763-770
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal Fluminense Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                Article
                S0001-37652008000400015
                10.1590/S0001-37652008000400015
                19039497
                c29334e3-cd97-438c-8376-8ed54479373e

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0001-3765&lng=en
                Categories
                MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

                radiocarbon dating,prehistoric occupation,Archaeology,Tupiguarani,Brazil,datação radiocarbono,ocupação pré-histórica,Arqueologia,Brasil

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