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      The COVID-19 Pandemic and Internal Labour Migration in India: A ‘Crisis of Mobility’

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          Abstract

          This paper examines the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on migration. The rapid spread of the pandemic caught countries across the world off guard, resulting in widespread lockdowns that clamped down on mobility, commercial activities and social interactions. In India, the pandemic precipitated a severe ‘crisis of mobility’, with migrant labourers in many major cities seeking to return to their hometowns. Their desperate attempts to return home by any means available rendered the lockdown ineffective in several areas, prompting clashes with authorities, last-minute policy relief and, eventually, the arrangement of transport measures. This paper aims to shed light on the vulnerability of India’s internal migrants in terms of their mobility, gender and mental health. In addition, it critically analyses the limitations of public policy in addressing migrants and suggests recommendations for the way ahead.

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          COVID 19 Pandemic: Mental health challenges of Internal migrant workers of India

          Ranjana Choudhari (2020)
          COVID- 19, a biomedical disease has serious physical and tremendous mental health implications as the rapidly spreading pandemic. One of the most vulnerable, but neglected, an occupational community of internal migrant workers is prone for development of psychological ill-effects due to double whammy impact of COVID-19 crisis and concomitant adverse occupational scenario. Permutations and combinations of the factors viz susceptibility for new viral infections, potential to act as vectors of transmission of infection, high prevalence of pre-existing physical health morbidities such as occupational pneumoconiosis, tuberculosis, HIV infections, pre-existing psychological morbidities, adverse psychosocial factors like absence of family support and caretaker during the crisis, their limitations to follow the rules and regulations of personal safety during the crisis, social exclusion, and inability to timely access the psychiatric services; all give rise to the peri-traumatic psychological distress to internal migrant workers. Superadded, is the blow of financial constraints due to loss of work, absence or suspension of occupational safety and health-related basic laws and associated occupational hazards, which makes this occupational group highly vulnerable for the development of psychological illnesses. We attempt to draw the attention of mental health professionals, general medical practitioners and occupational health policymakers to the various, interrelated and interdependent predisposing and causative factors for the development of psychological ill-effects amongst internal migrant workers with the interventions needed to address it, from an occupational health perspective angle
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            Labour Migration to the Construction Sector in India and its Impact on Rural Poverty

            Ravi Srivastava, Rajib Sutradhar (2016)
            The present article studies the impact of migration to the construction sector on rural poverty in India based on field survey. The survey has been carried out in two phases, the first phase involving the survey of construction workers in National Capital Region and the second phase comparing the well-being of migrant households with non migrant households in selected source villages. The study finds that at destination, workers have poor living and working conditions, lack citizenship rights, entitlements and voice. However, at the cost of hardship, low consumption levels, and possibly a smaller working life span, they manage to save a good portion of their income which they remit or take back home. At origin, migrant households report higher expenditure on consumption, residential housing, and children’s education, as well as some other assets. These differences are a result of higher employment and wage incomes among migrants. However, we were not able to control for differences in initial conditions, and life cycle and other issues, which influence both participation in migration, as well as long-term impacts.
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              SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF TEMPORARY LABOUR MIGRATION IN INDIA : A regional analysis

              Kunal Keshri, Ram Bhagat (2013)
              Article 0 comments Cited 15 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                S. Irudaya Rajan: rajan@cds.ac.in
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Indian J Labour Econ
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Indian J Labour Econ
                Title: The Indian Journal of Labour Economics
                Publisher: Springer India (New Delhi )
                ISSN (Print): 0971-7927
                ISSN (Electronic): 0019-5308
                Publication date (Electronic): 20 November 2020
                Pages: 1-19
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.433028.e, ISNI 0000 0000 9575 0015, Centre for Development Studies, ; Thiruvananthapuram, India
                [2 ]Department of Development Studies, Rajiv Gandhi National Institute of Youth Development, Chennai, India
                Article
                Publisher ID: 293
                DOI: 10.1007/s41027-020-00293-8
                PMC ID: 7678601
                PubMed ID: 33250596
                SO-VID: b2b781d8-bdbd-442c-8959-dfadcf6d8629
                Copyright © © Indian Society of Labour Economics 2020
                License:

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                Date accepted : 21 September 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: gender,labour laws,mental health,migration,return migration,social protection
                Data availability:
                Keywords: gender, labour laws, mental health, migration, return migration, social protection

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