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      Hepatitis B and C testing strategies in healthcare and community settings in the EU/EEA: A systematic review

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          Abstract

          An estimated 9 million individuals are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) across the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA), many of which are yet to be diagnosed. We performed a systematic review to identify interventions effective at improving testing offer and uptake in the EU/EEA. Original research articles published between 1 January 2008 and 1 September 2017 were retrieved from PubMed and EMBASE. Search strings combined terms for HBV/HCV, intervention, testing and geographic terms (EU/EEA). Out of 8331 records retrieved, 93 studies were selected. Included studies reported on testing initiatives in primary health care (9), hospital (12), other healthcare settings (31) and community settings (41). Testing initiatives targeted population groups such as migrants, drug users, prisoners, pregnant women and the general population. Testing targeted to populations at higher risk yielded high coverage rates in many settings. Implementation of novel testing approaches, including dried blood spot (DBS) testing, was associated with increased coverage in several settings including drug services, pharmacies and STI clinics. Community‐based testing services were effective in reaching populations at higher risk for infection, vulnerable and hard‐to‐reach populations. In conclusion, our review identified several successful testing approaches implemented in healthcare and community settings, including testing approaches targeting groups at higher risk, community‐based testing services and DBS testing. Combining a diverse set of testing opportunities within national testing strategies may lead to higher impact both in terms of testing coverage and in terms of reduction, on the undiagnosed fraction.

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          Treatment of hepatitis C: a systematic review.

          Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects more than 185 million individuals worldwide. Twenty percent of patients chronically infected with HCV progress to cirrhosis. New, simpler therapeutics using direct-acting antivirals that target various stages of the HCV life cycle are in development to eradicate HCV without concomitant interferon.
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            Interventions to enhance testing, linkage to care and treatment uptake for hepatitis C virus infection among people who inject drugs: A systematic review

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              Natural history of chronic hepatitis C

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                laurenmasonboersma@gmail.com
                Journal
                J Viral Hepat
                J. Viral Hepat
                10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2893
                JVH
                Journal of Viral Hepatitis
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                1352-0504
                1365-2893
                16 August 2019
                December 2019
                : 26
                : 12 ( doiID: 10.1111/jvh.v26.12 )
                : 1431-1453
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Pallas Health Research and Consultancy B.V. Rotterdam The Netherlands
                [ 2 ] The Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven The Netherlands
                [ 3 ] European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Stockholm Sweden
                [ 4 ]Present address: University of Pisa Pisa Italy
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Lauren M. K. Mason, Pallas Health Research and Consultancy B.V., Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

                Email: laurenmasonboersma@ 123456gmail.com

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4944-3200
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2217-4664
                Article
                JVH13182
                10.1111/jvh.13182
                6899601
                31332919
                93bc6471-8c82-4df6-93a6-e229ae9c9d03
                © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Viral Hepatitis Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 30 January 2019
                : 24 May 2019
                : 26 June 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 4, Pages: 23, Words: 14125
                Funding
                Funded by: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control , open-funder-registry 10.13039/501100000805;
                Award ID: ECDC/2016/027
                Categories
                Original Article
                Original Articles
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                December 2019
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:5.7.2 mode:remove_FC converted:05.12.2019

                Infectious disease & Microbiology
                europe,hepatitis b,hepatitis c,screening,testing
                Infectious disease & Microbiology
                europe, hepatitis b, hepatitis c, screening, testing

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