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      The impact of perceived similarity on tacit coordination: propensity for matching and aversion to decoupling choices

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          Abstract

          Homophily, or “love for similar others,” has been shown to play a fundamental role in the formation of interpersonal ties and social networks. Yet no study has investigated whether perceived similarities can affect tacit coordination. We had 68 participants attempt to maximize real monetary earnings by choosing between a safe but low paying option (that could be obtained with certainty) and a potentially higher paying but “risky” one, which depended on the choice of a matched counterpart. While making their choices participants were mutually informed of whether their counterparts similarly or dissimilarly identified with three person-descriptive words as themselves. We found that similarity increased the rate of “risky” choices only when the game required counterparts to match their choices (stag hunt games). Conversely, similarity led to decreased risk rates when they were to tacitly decouple their choices (entry games). Notably, though similarity increased coordination in the matching environment, it did not did not increase it in the decoupling game. In spite of this, similarity increased (expected) payoffs across both coordination environments. This could shed light on why homophily is so successful as a social attractor. Finally, this propensity for matching and aversion to decoupling choices was not observed when participants “liked” their counterparts but were dissimilar to them. We thus conclude that the impact of similarity of coordination should not be reduced to “liking” others (i.e., social preferences) but it is also about predicting them.

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          Most cited references63

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          Social Dilemmas: The Anatomy of Cooperation

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            Survival with an asymmetrical brain: advantages and disadvantages of cerebral lateralization.

            Recent evidence in natural and semi-natural settings has revealed a variety of left-right perceptual asymmetries among vertebrates. These include preferential use of the left or right visual hemifield during activities such as searching for food, agonistic responses, or escape from predators in animals as different as fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. There are obvious disadvantages in showing such directional asymmetries because relevant stimuli may be located to the animal's left or right at random; there is no a priori association between the meaning of a stimulus (e.g., its being a predator or a food item) and its being located to the animal's left or right. Moreover, other organisms (e.g., predators) could exploit the predictability of behavior that arises from population-level lateral biases. It might be argued that lateralization of function enhances cognitive capacity and efficiency of the brain, thus counteracting the ecological disadvantages of lateral biases in behavior. However, such an increase in brain efficiency could be obtained by each individual being lateralized without any need to align the direction of the asymmetry in the majority of the individuals of the population. Here we argue that the alignment of the direction of behavioral asymmetries at the population level arises as an "evolutionarily stable strategy" under "social" pressures occurring when individually asymmetrical organisms must coordinate their behavior with the behavior of other asymmetrical organisms of the same or different species.
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              Perspective taking as egocentric anchoring and adjustment.

              The authors propose that people adopt others' perspectives by serially adjusting from their own. As predicted, estimates of others' perceptions were consistent with one's own but differed in a manner consistent with serial adjustment (Study 1). Participants were slower to indicate that another's perception would be different from--rather than similar to--their own (Study 2). Egocentric biases increased under time pressure (Study 2) and decreased with accuracy incentives (Study 3). Egocentric biases also increased when participants were more inclined to accept plausible values encountered early in the adjustment process than when inclined to reject them (Study 4). Finally, adjustments tend to be insufficient, in part, because people stop adjusting once a plausible estimate is reached (Study 5). ((c) 2004 APA, all rights reserved)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Behav Neurosci
                Front Behav Neurosci
                Front. Behav. Neurosci.
                Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1662-5153
                28 July 2015
                2015
                : 9
                : 202
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Science Leipzig, Germany
                [2] 2Center for Mind/Brain Science, University of Trento Rovereto, Italy
                [3] 3Economics Department, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
                Author notes

                Edited by: Pablo Brañas-Garza, Middlesex University London, UK

                Reviewed by: Jordi Brandts, Instituto de Analisis (CSIC), Spain; Angela Sutan, LESSAC ESC Dijon, France

                *Correspondence: Gabriele Chierchia, Department of Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human, Cognitive and Brain Science, Stephanstraße 1A, 04103 Leipzig, Germany chierchia@ 123456cbs.mpg.de
                Article
                10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00202
                4516978
                26283940
                71c97e86-bad8-4c82-b2a4-b958bc721034
                Copyright © 2015 Chierchia and Coricelli.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 10 November 2014
                : 13 July 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 99, Pages: 13, Words: 11807
                Funding
                Funded by: European Research Council
                Award ID: 617629
                Categories
                Neuroscience
                Original Research

                Neurosciences
                coordination,similarity,homophily,economic games,social preferences,social cognition
                Neurosciences
                coordination, similarity, homophily, economic games, social preferences, social cognition

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