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      Glacial Runoff Promotes Deep Burial of Sulfur Cycling-Associated Microorganisms in Marine Sediments

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          Abstract

          Marine fjords with active glacier outlets are hot spots for organic matter burial in the sediments and subsequent microbial mineralization. Here, we investigated controls on microbial community assembly in sub-arctic glacier-influenced (GI) and non-glacier-influenced (NGI) marine sediments in the Godthåbsfjord region, south-western Greenland. We used a correlative approach integrating 16S rRNA gene and dissimilatory sulfite reductase ( dsrB) amplicon sequence data over six meters of depth with biogeochemistry, sulfur-cycling activities, and sediment ages. GI sediments were characterized by comparably high sedimentation rates and had “young” sediment ages of <500 years even at 6 m sediment depth. In contrast, NGI stations reached ages of approximately 10,000 years at these depths. Sediment age-depth relationships, sulfate reduction rates (SRR), and C/N ratios were strongly correlated with differences in microbial community composition between GI and NGI sediments, indicating that age and diagenetic state were key drivers of microbial community assembly in subsurface sediments. Similar bacterial and archaeal communities were present in the surface sediments of all stations, whereas only in GI sediments were many surface taxa also abundant through the whole sediment core. The relative abundance of these taxa, including diverse Desulfobacteraceae members, correlated positively with SRRs, indicating their active contributions to sulfur-cycling processes. In contrast, other surface community members, such as Desulfatiglans, Atribacteria, and Chloroflexi, survived the slow sediment burial at NGI stations and dominated in the deepest sediment layers. These taxa are typical for the energy-limited marine deep biosphere and their relative abundances correlated positively with sediment age. In conclusion, our data suggests that high rates of sediment accumulation caused by glacier runoff and associated changes in biogeochemistry, promote persistence of sulfur-cycling activity and burial of a larger fraction of the surface microbial community into the deep subsurface.

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          Early oxidation of organic matter in pelagic sediments of the eastern equatorial Atlantic: suboxic diagenesis

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            Ferrozine---a new spectrophotometric reagent for iron

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              Detecting overlapping protein complexes in protein-protein interaction networks.

              We introduce clustering with overlapping neighborhood expansion (ClusterONE), a method for detecting potentially overlapping protein complexes from protein-protein interaction data. ClusterONE-derived complexes for several yeast data sets showed better correspondence with reference complexes in the Munich Information Center for Protein Sequence (MIPS) catalog and complexes derived from the Saccharomyces Genome Database (SGD) than the results of seven popular methods. The results also showed a high extent of functional homogeneity.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Microbiol
                Front Microbiol
                Front. Microbiol.
                Frontiers in Microbiology
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-302X
                07 November 2019
                2019
                : 10
                : 2558
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Division of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
                [2] 2Austrian Polar Research Institute , Vienna, Austria
                [3] 3Center for Geomicrobiology, Section for Microbiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
                [4] 4Palaeoceanography and Palaeoclimate Group, Arctic Research Centre, and iClimate Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
                [5] 5Department of Geological Sciences, Centre for Earth Observation Science, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB, Canada
                Author notes

                Edited by: Axel Schippers, Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Germany

                Reviewed by: Timothy Ferdelman, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology (MPG), Germany; Takuro Nunoura, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Japan

                *Correspondence: Alexander Loy, loy@ 123456microbial-ecology.net

                This article was submitted to Extreme Microbiology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology

                Article
                10.3389/fmicb.2019.02558
                6853847
                31787951
                4b6eea76-0e6c-4efd-876a-e57c321efd27
                Copyright © 2019 Pelikan, Jaussi, Wasmund, Seidenkrantz, Pearce, Kuzyk, Herbold, Røy, Kjeldsen and Loy.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 05 June 2019
                : 23 October 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 6, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 97, Pages: 17, Words: 0
                Funding
                Funded by: Austrian Science Fund 10.13039/501100002428
                Award ID: P29426-B29
                Award ID: P25111-B22
                Funded by: Danmarks Grundforskningsfond 10.13039/501100001732
                Award ID: DNRF104
                Categories
                Microbiology
                Original Research

                Microbiology & Virology
                sulfate-reducing microorganisms,marine sediment,glacial impact,deep biosphere,microbial community assembly,greenland,arctic

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